Edward Ashton – 2 – After the Fall

https://youtu.be/-3s5qXikghs
[00:00:00.00] – John Knych

Hello everyone, thank you for being here today. We are with Ed Ashton to discuss After the Fall. Ed has been with us before. He talked with us about Mal Goes to War last year, and After the Fall is his 7th novel. And Ed, usually I begin with asking the author about the origin of their book, but I want to throw a curveball at you. So you mentioned last talk that you used to work for the CIA, correct?

[00:00:32.24] – Ed Ashton

I can neither confirm nor deny that.

[00:00:34.18] – John Knych

Yeah. Well, so you appreciate background check questions. So my question is, John, the protagonist of this book, his knowledge of putting wooden blocks under crossbars to fix the collapsed bed, then Six and John’s woodcutting scene, does this stem from the own work you’ve done on your own deck and your own construction?

[00:00:54.11] – Ed Ashton

I have done a surprising amount of construction work. I’ve, over the last 10 years, I’ve built 7 decks, which is more decks than most non-deck-building people probably build in a lifetime. So yeah, I, that I try, I try to get little bits and pieces of my life into my books because it’s, you know, it’s fun to talk about stuff that has been obsessing you recently. And so yeah, there probably was a little bit of that coming in. 

[00:01:22.06] – John Knych

Thank you. Yeah, it felt, it felt real when they were building that bit. I thought, You’ve done it. 

[00:01:24.06] Ed Ashton

Yeah, yeah, that is drawn from true life. Yes.

[00:01:30.12] – John Knych

Excellent. Thank you. Okay, on to Brandon.

[00:01:34.13] – Brandon

Yeah, Ed, thank you for being here.

[00:01:37.10] – Ed Ashton

So really, thank you.

[00:01:38.15] – Brandon

Really appreciate when authors come on and talk to us. So my question is, you kill off most of humanity in this book and turn them into pets. So what made you want to do that? And kind of what the origins of the book are for this?

[00:01:55.19] – Ed Ashton

I should start off by saying I do not actually want to kill off most of humanity. That is not— that’s not a personal goal of mine. In terms of the origins of the structure of the story, where it came from, this actually originated with something that happened to me, like most of my books. Something that happened to me or something that was obsessing me at the time. I had a dog named Max, and Max was my absolute best friend in the world for 17 years. He went everywhere that I went. When I sat down, he came and flopped himself on top of me. When I went out— when I live in a cabin in the middle of the woods— when I went out for a walk, he was right on my heels. He went everywhere that I went. I loved him. As much as anybody can love anybody. Yeah, yeah, yeah. You, you, you get me. Yeah. And we lost him 2 years ago and it was absolutely gutting. It was one of the hardest things that’s ever happened to me. And it got me thinking about the relationship that I had with him because I knew how it was from my end, but I didn’t know how it looked to him.

[00:03:07.21] – Ed Ashton

You know, every, because there’s such, in a relationship like that, there’s such an imbalance of power. Every choice that is made is my choice. Max didn’t actually get to choose. When we were, when we were going out for a walk, he didn’t get to pick where we went. He didn’t get to pick when we went. He might have preferred to go some other way and, and smell some other stuff, and he was stuck going along with me. And it made me question whether you really can truly have love and, or even friendship, when there is no equality at all, when there’s such a huge imbalance of power. And that’s the, that’s the main question that I, I really wanted to explore more with this book.

[00:03:47.15] – Brandon

Thank you.

[00:03:48.04] – John Knych

Fascinating. Thank you, Brandon. Thank you, Ed. Yeah, so Nick has never read this before. For dog lovers, I mean, you just captured that, Ed. I mean, I love my dog too, and there are tons of subtle moments that captured that. Thank you. Onto Noemi.

[00:04:06.21] – Noémie

Yes, thank you, John, and thank you, Edward, for being there with us today. As John mentioned, it is your 7th novel. How would you say your writing evolved since your first novel? Has anything changed for you in the way you write or in the way you process maybe characters, different events? Or is it exactly the same thing and you haven’t changed as an author, which I doubt, but maybe it is possible.

[00:04:29.03] – Ed Ashton

Oh, good Lord, I hope that’s not true. I think like, like anything else, You know, no matter what level of skill you think you have, you always can improve and you always get better. I always think my father was a professional musician. He was a jazz musician, and he used to tell me the story of the, of this elderly violin master in his, in his 90s, and he practices every day for 2 hours every day. And one of his students asked him at some point, you’re 97 years old. Why, why are you still practicing 2 hours every day? And he says, because I think I’m improving. Um, and I, I think that, that no, like I said, no matter where you are in your professional development or your personal development, if you’re not trying to improve and trying to get better at what you’re doing, you’re, you’re probably doing it wrong. And I definitely can see, uh, you know, looking back from my first novel, which, which came out in 2015, to this one, I can see steady improvement in my skills, in my ability to capture a character, in my ability to really structure a clean plot.

[00:05:39.06] – Ed Ashton

I can see improvements from each book to the next as they go. I mean, I just— the audio edition for my debut novel, Three Days in April, actually just released last year, 10 years after the print edition came out. Don’t ask me why that worked out that way. But I went back and listened to it. And like one thing I noticed in that book, readers are— the characters are constantly raising their eyebrows. Like nobody raises their eyebrows as much as my characters in that book raise their eyebrows. I’m just listening to that and kind of cringing inside as I hear that. And that might seem like a small thing, but it’s not. If you reread this book, you will find virtually no examples of eyebrow raising, and I consider that to be a big improvement in my style and in my work. And there’s lots of other little things, and they all seem small and subtle, but they add up to a much, much better book, in my opinion.

[00:06:38.14] – Noémie

Thank you so much. I will note on my own novel, no eyebrow raising. This is an improvement. I will get into that. Thank you so much.

[00:06:48.01] – John Knych

Thank you, Naomi. Thank you, Ed. On to Brian. Hey, Ed, good to talk to you again. Um, so I have not been able to actually get a copy of After the Fall in Taiwan yet. Um, I’m trying to avoid Amazon.

[00:07:03.20] – Ed Ashton

Um, yeah, I think, uh, it should be out there in June if I understand the schedule.

[00:07:10.04] – John Knych

Okay. Yeah, cool. Well, then I will keep an eye out. Um, But I do still have a question. Last time when we talked about Mal Goes to War, there was a lot of discussion of like AI and development of technology and kind of the ethics of its use. And you brought in some things about, you know, your other work and how you engage with new technological developments. I was wondering in this novel, is there an element like that where, you know, you’re engaging with something More, more from real life. Um, obviously you already talked about the relationship, uh, that people have with, you know, pets, with their dogs. Um, but is there, is there anything else in this one, um, that I should expect of like, uh, maybe different technology or different things in societal developments, uh, political issues, things like that?

[00:08:02.18] – Ed Ashton

Um, this is not, um, this is not a tech wizardry book. There’s not. In fact, one of the things that I did deliberately as a choice, considering that they’re sort of alien invaders, I made the Grays substantially low-tech. Their society is not a tech-based society. And I said that was a deliberate choice. This book is about the characters, and in particular, it’s about the relationship between between John and Martok, who are the two main characters. And that’s what I wanted to talk about. I did not want to get distracted with, you know, tech this and ray gun that. I like that stuff. I put that kind of stuff in other books, but that is not what I wanted to talk about in this book. So this is a distinctly low-tech version of science fiction, I think, is a way to think about it.

[00:08:56.15] – John Knych

Awesome.

[00:08:56.23] – Ed Ashton

Thank you.

[00:08:59.24] – John Knych

Thank you, Brian. On to Jen.

[00:09:03.21] – Jen

Hi, thanks for being here. Um, I think that kind of leads into my question, um, talking about just the intention of focusing on their relationship. Um, so you leave the nature of the fall itself pretty vague. Um, was that an intentional choice because you were just focused on the characters? Was there more at some point in there about what actually happened, or that you just wanted to you know, and we’re just going to set that aside and focus on John and Martok.

[00:09:33.09] – Ed Ashton

That was, that was also a deliberate choice, and that’s one that I thought about a lot. I know what happened. I had to build that, build that stuff up in my own head so that I could understand sort of what the effects would be and how, how I ought to build the world around it. But the thing that I deliberately wanted to leave out and leave vague was whose fault was it? Because one of the points that I was trying to explore is, is there any profit in trying to figure out something awful has happened and it happened hundreds of years ago, generations ago, not due to the fault of anyone living today? Is it really profitable to go back and try and figure out, well, you know, whose fault is it and who should we blame? I didn’t want that to be a focus. And so I— and I also wanted to talk a little bit about, um, propaganda and how all of our views are shaped by what we hear and what we’re taught, and which may not be the whole truth. So John, uh, has one view of what happened, and that’s what was drilled into him by the Grays in, in the Krysh.

[00:10:43.04] – Ed Ashton

And he believes it was 100% humans, they ruined the world, and the Grays came in and, and basically saved the survivors. From extinction. They’re heroes. They rescued us. Six, having been raised by feral humans, has a completely different view and a completely different story that the Grays came in and did this to us. They destroyed our thriving society to enslave us. And I wanted to leave that question unresolved because at the end of the day, you have to deal with the world as it is. And going back and saying it’s your fault or it’s my fault is not, uh, it’s not productive, it’s not useful, and it doesn’t help you deal with how we can move forward together. I mean, the humans and the Grays have to work together now. They’ve got this ruined planet that they need to deal with, and if any of them are going to survive, they have to work together. And that was kind of the point that I wanted to make there.

[00:11:32.06] – Jen

Yeah, thank you.

[00:11:35.09] – John Knych

Thank you, Jen. So I assume, Nick, you don’t have any questions since you haven’t read it. Uh, up to you now. Pass. Um, the Ed, I messaged you this, but the character of Martok is just brilliant. I’m going to try to not spoil anything too much for Brian or Nick, but Martok is the owner of John, and when I finished the book, what struck me was, as you mentioned before, there’s this power imbalance, but Martok is still— I loved him. I liked him and connected with him. So my question is, did he come out fairly naturally as a character in that you knew sort of his foibles and his— how he was, or did you really have to grind and sort of craft him to sort of fit that power imbalance but also the the empathy that the reader would care about Martok and want him to do well.

[00:12:41.23] – Ed Ashton

Yeah, I mean, I’ll say up front, Martok, I think, may be my favorite character of all the ones that I’ve crafted for my different books. I really like him too. I don’t know if you had a chance to listen to the audio edition, but John Peralla absolutely nails him. He voices him absolutely perfectly, like exactly the way He actually— I had a call with John after he did the audio, and he said that he expected he would get some hazard pay for this one because the voice that he did for Martok hurt his throat and he had to stop. He had to sort of stop narration every, you know, 20 minutes or 30 minutes and like drink some chamomile tea or something and go on. But I appreciate the effort he put to that because he just, he said, just absolutely perfect. And yeah, it was a very deliberate crafting of that character. The Grays in general are kind of menacing. They’re scary, they’re extremely powerful and can be really callous and brutal, particularly in how they relate to humans. And I needed to sand those rough edges off from Artok to make him to make him relatable.

[00:13:59.12] – Ed Ashton

And so I had to take this incredibly powerful, dangerous creature and also make him kind of a buffoon and like a good-natured buffoon who’s really sort of trying his best to do what’s right as he sees it. And that, you know, that did take a lot of work. That was, like I said, I probably put more effort into crafting this character than I have almost any of my other characters as well, because to take someone again, sort of dangerous and menacing and make them at the same time sort of lovable is— it was a challenge and I knew it would be a challenge going in, but I feel like I feel like I hit my mark on this one. I really do.

[00:14:39.06] – John Knych

Definitely. Thank you. On to Brendan. Back to Brendan. Pass. Back to Noemi.

[00:14:50.23] – Noémie

Yes, sorry. Was there one scene, maybe a character that really took you by surprise when you wrote it? Or maybe it was an intense part of the creation and writing process, maybe in this book or another one, whichever you prefer.

[00:15:10.04] – Ed Ashton

Yeah, that happens to me all the time. You know, when we talk about different types of writers, there’s this kind of ongoing debate between, you know, plotters and pantsers. And we don’t, I think we don’t like the term pantsers. We prefer to be called discovery writers, right? I definitely fall into the latter category. I’ve described my process for creating a book as more like walking down a dark country road in the fog and you think there’s a house at the end, But you don’t know, it might be a bear. You, you don’t really know what’s, what’s gonna wind up down there. And I usually don’t get a clear view of how everything’s gonna wrap up until I’m 50 or 60,000 words in. That’s, that’s just how I, that, that, that’s just how I work. I, I would love to have everything plotted out and know exactly how my book’s gonna wind up and exactly how my characters are gonna work at the beginning. That seems like a much nicer, funner way to, to, to write a book. But I just, like, I’ve tried, I can’t do it. When I, when I try to put together a, like a detailed synopsis of a book up front, everything just seems really dumb.

[00:16:18.03] – Ed Ashton

Everything I write down just seems really dumb and pointless. And, and so I, you know, I, I write and I trust my brain is gonna get me where, where, where it needs to go. And it, it usually does. And so there, there always are little bits and pieces that I’m going along and I’m like, wow, I, I would not have thought that I was gonna drop that in right here, but I guess I did. And Like, it works. It works. That just happened with the book that I’m drafting right now. I’m in the middle of drafting a book that’s due in December, and I’m about a quarter of the way in, and I just dropped in a new character who I had not considered was even going to exist when I started drafting this book. But I needed someone right at this point, and I needed a specific type of person, and It just sort of came to me and I dropped him in. And as soon as I did, it felt right. It’s like, oh yeah, no, something in the back of my brain was planning for this person to be here all the time.

[00:17:12.06] – Ed Ashton

It didn’t tell me about it, but it was clearly they were planning for it. Because as soon as I dropped it, you say, oh wait, I foreshadowed that 3 chapters ago. I didn’t consciously do it, but it was like when I go back and I look, I see, okay, I see the hints that this is going to come. So yeah, that work is getting done in like my cerebellum or something. And then it doesn’t get revealed to my conscious mind until it needs to come out. But it makes the writing process fun because I’m kind of reading along, discovering the book as I go.

[00:17:46.12] – Noémie

I guess the lesson must be to trust the process or something like that.

[00:17:51.01] – Ed Ashton

It can be scary to do that sometimes, particularly when you’ve signed a contract and you’ve already cashed the advance check and, you know, if you don’t deliver, they’re going to want their money back. Uh, it can be a little scary to trust that your brain’s gonna come through for you. But, um, and like I said, if I could have a detailed outline upfront and know exactly what I was gonna do, I’d be a lot more comfortable in the way that I work. But I just, that’s, that’s not how my process works. So yeah, at this point, and it works great. Yeah. This, I mean, this is my 9th novel that I’m working on now. Um, my brain’s come through for me on all the last 8. And so I, yeah, I just have to trust it’s not gonna let me down.

[00:18:28.20] – Noémie

It works so far.

[00:18:29.19] – Ed Ashton

So yeah, so far, so far so good.

[00:18:32.08] – Noémie

Thank you.

[00:18:34.18] – John Knych

Thank you, Noemi. I skipped Logan. Logan, if you have any questions, you can jump in or we’ll continue around the horn.

[00:18:44.15] – Ed Ashton

Yeah.

[00:18:45.03] – Logan

Hey, Ed, sorry I jumped on late. I’m putting out some fires at work this morning. So one thing I I did have a little trouble visioning throughout reading the book was, what do these characters look like? Um, you know, I, I went into it viewing them as kind of a dog-human hybrid based off of the COVID and the concept of the humans are the pets. I pictured a pet as the human, but, um, as I advanced through the book, I realized that my perception on that was probably wrong. What, what do you picture like Martok looking like physically, or what would that character look like in a movie or show, I guess?

[00:19:31.05] – Ed Ashton

You know what, I— we’re often taught to show, not tell, so I’m going to show you, not tell you, if you’ll excuse me for just a second.

[00:19:45.09] – John Knych

He’s living with a Martok. Or maybe he drew it. There you go.

[00:20:00.09] – Ed Ashton

That’s the Martok.

[00:20:02.24] – Logan

By the end, that’s closer to what I was expecting.

[00:20:08.09] – Ed Ashton

Usually when I’m doing sort of an alien creature, I start with some sort of terrestrial model I don’t, I try not to just sort of, you know, like take a tiger and make them walk on two feet and say, that’s my alien. That seems kind of lazy to me, but I have to start with some sort of model. And the model I started with for the Grays was the elephant. I modeled some of their behavior on elephant behavior, certainly some of their features and the way that they’re built. In particular, the, the concept of absenting I built around the concept of male elephants going to musth, if you’re familiar with that, with that process. Um, sort of this thing that happens around breeding season where rogue male elephants just absolutely go berserk and, and will murder anything that gets in their way. They’re famous for just like tracking down rhinoceroses and just murdering them for no reason. Just literally they will just go and murder a rhino for no reason. Uh, it’s a, it’s a hormonal issue. Um, you know, elephants are very sensitive, very intelligent creatures, but when they go into musth, they just turn into these sort of unstoppable killing machines.

[00:21:21.10] – Ed Ashton

And that’s, that’s kind of, uh, was, was my model for the, you know, for the phenomenon of absenting that I described with the grays. So yeah, I borrowed pretty heavily from the elephant for these guys. The COVID art is probably not helpful in terms of people’s expectations for what everything looks like in this book. I’m not really sure. There is a theme of wolf versus dog as applies to humans, and I think that’s what the COVID artist was going for there. But I think it led to an expectation that when the Grays come in, that they’re actually like dog people, and that was not what I was going for at all. So interesting.

[00:22:07.02] – Logan

That’s awesome.

[00:22:07.18] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you. Yeah, good, good question, Logan. Yeah, because I, I, I also pictured them differently in the, in the book than, than the COVID So that make— that makes sense. Uh, back to Brian. Back to Jen, or pass?

[00:22:33.09] – Jen

Um, that makes me wonder, how, um, how does that process work with choosing the COVID and the artist? And, um, do you have, um, like final say over that, or can you give ideas, or do they just come sort of present things to you and say, do you like this, do you like that?

[00:22:51.08] – Ed Ashton

So what typically happens for me, and I think this varies for different authors and different publishing houses and depending on how much particular pull you have. Like, I’m sure John Scalzi gets a lot more pull on what his covers are gonna look like than I do. But they will solicit some suggestions or ideas for me upfront. I just, they just asked me if I had any vague ideas for what my next book’s cover ought to look like. Which I just turned in about a month ago. But then they don’t necessarily take those suggestions into account. They tend to sort of go their own way. They’ve got their own department. You know, they have a graphic design department who does their cover work, and then they’ll come back with sometimes 2 or 3 different concepts and ask me to look at them and say, do I prefer one or the other? Would I, you know, are there any changes I would make? For this particular one, they just came up with the one concept. They sort of presented it to me and it was substantially different than the way that the COVID looks now. I did have some objections to the way that it was originally designed and they let me make some tweaks around the edges in terms of what the background looked like and the color scheme and things like that.

[00:24:12.05] – Ed Ashton

I have a I have a close friend who’s a professional artist who helps me review these sorts of things. She’s obviously a much more visual person than I am. And she had some really good suggestions and they took some of them and they ignored some of them. But at the end of the day, as the artist, you don’t actually have any control at all. They can do absolutely anything that they want. I don’t think they try to be mean about it, but, you know, if I come back with, no, I want you to do this entirely different concept, that’s not going to go well for me, that that’s not a fight that I can win. So I try to work with them to mold things where I can. But in general, you know, the COVID winds up looking pretty much like what the original concept was that they gave me.

[00:24:57.03] – Jen

Okay, that’s interesting. Thanks.

[00:25:01.06] – John Knych

Thank you, Jen. Ed, there’s a line in the book where Martok says, But great gains must always keep company with terrible risks. This is simply the way of the world. And that quote made me think of Mickey 7. So I think you all know Mickey 7 made into a movie, huge success. And Mickey 7 is on that journey because of a bad bet. And you have mentioned in a previous talk, correct me if I’m wrong, but you’ve had in your life, like you’ve been climbing before and you’ve been hanging by like two fingers, um, like close to death. So my question is very philosophical, but what are your thoughts on, on risk? Because the opening of this book, Martok is taking a big risk. Mickey Seven, that whole story is from a bet. Uh, what’s, what’s your relationship with risk and, and how, how do you live with it? How do you think about it?

[00:26:00.01] – Ed Ashton

So yeah, first of all, I think it is fair to say that I was an extremely stupid young man. I would like to think that I’ve gotten smarter as I’ve gotten older, but my approach to life has been generally to, to be pretty conservative about a lot of things in terms of like my finances and how I you know, sort of how I’ve managed my career punctuated by enormous sudden risks where I saw opportunities. And I think, I think that’s, if you, if you’re continuously taking enormous risks, you’re going to wind up, you’re going to wind up dead. There’s a, I don’t know if you saw, if you saw the movie documentary Free Solo. Um, you familiar with that?

[00:26:55.15] – John Knych

I didn’t see it, but I saw the, uh, it’s, um, climbs El Capitan, is that right?

[00:26:59.18] – Ed Ashton

The— yeah, he free soloed up El Capitan. Um, that guy’s— he’s, he’s gonna die at some point. He’s gonna die in a really bad way. And he, like, he’s fully conscious of that because when you do free solo climbing, you, you only get one mistake. Once you make one mistake, that is the last mistake you ever make. And you wind up as— and there is in that documentary, there is a montage of his contemporaries and his friends doing what they call falling through the shot, which is, you know, they do these climbs with, you know, teams of cameramen and photographers from drones and from and hanging from ropes to document the whole thing. And if they mess up, they fall through the shot, they fall, and you just see their body shooting down through the shot. And then, you know, 1,000 feet down, They’re, they’re, they’re a wet spot on the rocks. And that is how free solo climbers end their lives. Like, uniformly, that is, if you take up that sport and you decide this is what you’re going to do, you are accepting that your life is going to end in a fall to, to, at, at some point, whether it’s, whether it’s now or tomorrow or 10 years from now, that’s what’s going to happen.

[00:28:11.21] – Ed Ashton

Uh, and, and he’s accepted that. And I am not that. I am not accepting that, but I have, you know, for instance, my, in my, in my professional career, I started out after I completed my doctorate, I worked for the government for 5 years and that’s a very safe career. You can, you know, you can, you can do that. And I mean, maybe not right now so much, but at the time you could do that. You could sort of lock in and guarantee you’d have a nice pension at the end of the day and you’d be solidly upper middle class for the rest of your life. And 5 years into that, I quit my job and I founded my own company. I jumped out with literally $75,000 of funding that I had gotten, that our team had gotten, which was enough to fund us for about 3 months on a very shoestring budget. And I quit my job and I sold my house and I moved 500 miles away to do this. And that could have ended really, really badly for me, but it was also a huge opportunity and it actually worked out great.

[00:29:18.13] – Ed Ashton

We actually wound up succeeding and I’m still, I’m still working with the same group that I put together 26 years ago. So you can afford to do that sort of thing once or twice. And if you win, it’s great. And if you lose, hopefully you’ve done it when you’re young enough and you have time to recover. So that kind of punctuated conservatism, I think for me is a good approach to life. It’s a good way to maximize opportunities while at the same time make it reasonably possible that you’re not going to end by falling through the shot, which is, which again, is not how I want to end my life.

[00:30:00.24] – John Knych

Fascinating.

[00:30:01.15] – Ed Ashton

That may have been more than you were asking.

[00:30:02.23] – John Knych

No, no, that’s great. That’s great. No, that’s— it’s when— so I’ve read all of your books, and when you— an author, I think, reaches beyond 5 books, you start to have your sense of who the author is. So that’s just always been a curious thought, and you answered some of my curiosities. Thank you. Back to Brandon, if you have a question.

[00:30:29.04] – Brandon

Yeah. So what you said about, uh, the elephants and the grays, that’s really interesting. And, and now that you’ve said that, I think, uh, it really fits. The elephants and the grays really fits with the story, I think. So you did a good job with that. Um, and I like elephants myself, so I’m just curious, why did you choose, uh, elephant to base the grays on? Do you have a fondness for elephants, or what, what motivated you there?

[00:30:56.14] – Ed Ashton

Well, I thought they fit what I needed in terms of both sort of physical presence and behavior. I want, you know, an elephant is a creature that fully dominates its environment. Nothing challenges an adult elephant. There’s, you know, other than a human with a rifle, nothing challenges an adult elephant. They fear absolutely nothing. They, as I said, sort of in terms of their behavior, they are mostly very sort of peaceable and gentle. But if provoked, or again, if when they’re in this state of must, they are absolutely terrifying, absolutely terrifying monsters. And that’s what I wanted from the Grays. That’s what I wanted from the Grays in this. I wanted them to be something, you know, sort of the sort of creatures that could, could be nursemaids in a crash and could take care of little baby humans and raise them safely. And, but then every once in a while, just absolutely be completely terrifying. Uh, and you know, if you start with a model of something more like a predator, they’re terrifying all the time. And if you start with a model of something more like, uh, you know, like a capybara, they’re always adorable.

[00:32:15.24] – Ed Ashton

How can they be scary? Elephants. Elephants for me really fit that model of can be adorable but can also tear you into tiny shreds.

[00:32:24.12] – Brandon

So is there a, is there a difference in creating like alien aliens? Kind of like I think the alien from Mickey 7 were more alien aliens.

[00:32:34.10] – Ed Ashton

Yes.

[00:32:34.22] – Brandon

And is there, is that more of a challenge than kind of basing them on, on a preexisting animal?

[00:32:42.01] – Ed Ashton

It is if you want to have them be sort of interactive characters. In Mickey 7, the Creepers are more of sort of an abstract force that has to be dealt with. Moving forward in Antimatter Blues and in the third Mickey 7 book, which I just turned in, there’s a little more character interaction with the Creepers. But certainly in the first book, they’re really more of an abstract force. For that, you can be much more alien. I think of, um, have you ever read The Ophiuchi Hotline, John Varley? That’s a classic. If you haven’t, it’s old school, but if you ever get a chance, it’s a short read and it’s really, really fascinating. But he has aliens in there, um, who literally live outside the space-time continuum. Like, they can move through all four dimensions. They can move through time in the way that we move through space. And they are so alien from us that they really can’t even be understood as the way that we understand life forms. And they similarly don’t understand us as life forms. They’re just thoroughly, completely alien. But as a result, you can’t actually have a character that’s one of those things.

[00:33:58.09] – Ed Ashton

I needed something for this book where I could have an identifiable character that the reader could relate to. And for that, I needed something that was a little more like us in something that really was recognizably sort of part of our terrestrial family.

[00:34:15.01] – Brandon

Awesome. Thank you.

[00:34:19.01] – John Knych

Back to Noemi, if you have a question.

[00:34:22.08] – Noémie

Yes, it’s a bit adjacent, but have you read a book lately, and as you were reading it, you were like, oh my God, I wished I did that. I wish that Who wrote that book? Did you have one like this recently?

[00:34:36.20] – Ed Ashton

That, that, that happens to me all the time. I’m a, I’m a voracious reader. I, I go through, I go through books like water and it is very, very common for me to read something and say, not that I wish I had written that, cuz most, most of the time I recognize immediately that I couldn’t write that. But I do sometimes wish that I had the, the capability to write in that way. So I, I just finished Children of Strife by Adrian Tchaikovsky, for instance. Absolutely brilliant. All 4 books in that series are really must-reads in my opinion. I’ve met Adrian. He’s an absolutely brilliant person. He has a really unique mind, and that’s what allows him to craft the books the way he does. As much as I admire them, I could never write a book the way that he does. I just, maybe I’m just a more simple fellow than he is. Just the intricacy that he, with the way that he crafts his plots is sort of awe-inspiring to me. And like I said, I wouldn’t try to imitate him. I would not try to write the way that he does. But I can hugely admire the work that he does.

[00:35:51.11] – Ed Ashton

The closest I’ve come to, I wish I had written that, probably would be Red Shirts by John Scalzi. Scalzi and I do actually write in very similar ways. I was on a panel with him at Tucson a few weeks ago, and he started talking, you know, you were talking before about how you didn’t have a clear idea of who the, what the characters looked like as you’re going through the book. And John started talking about how he gets grief about that, about how he doesn’t describe the physicality of his characters very much. And I just leaned into the microphone and said, John, I have never felt as seen as I do right now. We sort of fist bumped across the podium because that’s, you know, we both, I think we both fall into that kind of category of really kind of plot and character driven and not so much like into visual description and like long paragraphs of exactly what the room looks like. But Red Shirts is a book that the way that it’s written, His style is not dissimilar to mine. The way that it’s plotted is not dissimilar to the way I plot a book.

[00:36:54.14] – Ed Ashton

If I thought of it, I could have written that book, I think, and I would have been really happy because then I’d have a whole bunch of Hugo Awards instead of him. But that’s probably the closest I’ve come to saying, man, I wish I had thought to write that.

[00:37:09.04] – Noémie

Jan Szajkowski is an easy answer for us, right? We actually had a talk with him yesterday. About the Tradition of Strife. So yeah, absolutely. It was my last— well, fuck, that was amazing book as well.

[00:37:22.02] – Ed Ashton

Absolutely a brilliant person. I had dinner with him about a year ago and my wife was there and she afterwards, she was like, that was fascinating because like the conversation bounced back and forth. We’re talking about like Bronze Age Greek history to the biomechanics of how mantis shrimp work to the astrophysics of interstellar propulsion and just ping-ponging around these things. She’s like, “I’ve never seen anyone who really kept up with you on that sort of thing before. That was really, really fun.” She didn’t say a word the entire dinner, I don’t think. She’s like, “That was really fun to watch.” That’s great.

[00:38:06.24] – John Knych

I want to jump in there for the circuit because You mentioned before, Ed, that you’ve read all the Children of Time series. Were they partly inspiration for the spiders in After the Fall? Because it’s another mysterious element, right? There’s— we don’t know why the fall happened, and then there’s these antagonistic mysterious spiders that are extremely powerful. Were you pulling from Children of Time, or no, was that just a No, no.

[00:38:37.10] – Ed Ashton

Um, if you’ve, you know, you’ve read all my other books, you may have picked up on the fact I’m really scared of spiders. Spiders, spiders creep me out really, really badly. I was actually, I was bit by a black widow when I was 9 years old, and I spent 4 days in the hospital, and that left a, that left a mark on me. Um, I think, and, uh, you know, whenever I want to reach for something, just absolutely viscerally horrifying. Um, for me, it just always winds up looking like a spider. That’s, that’s just, um, that’s, that’s just my own neurosis playing out in my books, I think. Because if you look back at my other books, there’s some kind of spider-like thing that shows up over and over and over again. Going back to Antimatter Blues, um, although all the way back to Two or Three Days in April, there’s, there’s always something.

[00:39:28.07] – John Knych

Got it. Yes, no, the way the characters describe, like, yeah, when the spiders come, it’s— there’s fear. There’s definitely fear.

[00:39:36.17] – Ed Ashton

Yeah. Yep. That is sincerely felt. That’s coming right from my gut.

[00:39:42.08] – John Knych

Excellent. Back to Brian, if you have a question. No, I’ll pass. Thank you. Back to Jen.

[00:39:55.14] – Jen

Um, I was wondering if the book were ever adapted into a movie or a TV show, is there something that you would be especially excited to see on the screen?

[00:40:08.00] – Ed Ashton

I mean, I would be excited to see everything on the screen. Um, I’d love to see what they did with the, with the Grays. I would love to see how that sort of got— I’ve actually talked to my agent about this. My film rights agent was pretty excited about this book. He thought he might be able to get some people interested in. I don’t know how that’s going. I hope it’s going well. But he was thinking it would probably work best as an animated feature, which would make the sort of character development pretty easy in terms of putting the Grays in place, but I could see it being done live action as well. But yeah, that’s, you know, like, Um, when I, when I read, um, when I read Project Hail Mary and found out that was going to be a movie, that was one of the first things I thought was, how are they going to animate Rocky? What’s that going to look like? Um, and it was really interesting what they did. You know, those were puppets. Um, there was no green screen that was done. That was all, uh, practical effects. And, and Rocky, Rocky and the other Aridans were puppets.

[00:41:10.10] – Ed Ashton

And I wonder if they would do the Grays as like people in suits Or as green screen animation or something like that, CGI. I really don’t know. I’d be really curious to see how that came out.

[00:41:25.22] – Noémie

Yeah, me too.

[00:41:26.11] – John Knych

Yeah, fingers crossed. I’d love to see a movie from this.

[00:41:31.02] – Ed Ashton

Oh, it’d be fantastic. I think it would be pretty easy to shoot too. There’s only a small number of settings. You just get an abandoned cabin in the woods that you can use for your main set. Yeah, I think it’d be pretty straightforward. A lot easier to shoot than Mickey 7 was, for sure.

[00:41:48.22] – John Knych

Easier to shoot, but I had the same thought, Ed, with Project Hail Mary. How are they going to do Rocky? For your book, it would be how would they capture the subtle pet-type relationship that you do in the book? All the little verbs and adjectives like padding, the humans padding across the room, the humans John huddling up against Martok’s bulk. Those little moments would be hard, I think, on film.

[00:42:15.06] – Ed Ashton

Yeah, but I think it’s doable. I think it’s doable. You got to take the verbal signaling and turn it into visual signaling, which is— that’s what moviemakers do. That’s their business. So I think it could be done. Excellent.

[00:42:30.17] – John Knych

I’m going to jump into the roundtable again. You mentioned in a previous conversation, not this one, I think the one with— you did with Brockport on Mickey 7, that when Mickey 7 was made into a movie, you were able to talk with Bong Joon-ho, and he asked you what’s the one moment you really want to keep from your book. And if I remember correctly, it was chapter 9 of 19. What would be the moment or scene in After the Fall that you would not want a director or screenwriter to mess with?

[00:43:06.10] – Ed Ashton

The one moment— well, actually, there’s two. I mean, the climactic scene, I think, really is what wraps everything up there. So I mean, that would— but nobody would touch that if you’re going to do the book. That’s what that would be in there. But there’s a scene I describe in there where it’s kind of like the dark night of the soul for John and Martok. Where Martok is actually contemplating, like, ending it all. He’s contemplating, like, walking into the lake with John and just being done. And John basically brings him back. And to me, much like Chapter 19 in Mickey 7 cemented the relationship between Mickey and Asha, I think that scene is what really shows you where the bond really is between Martok and John. And I think that would have to be in there.

[00:43:54.11] – John Knych

Thank you. I jumped in front of Logan. Logan, do you have another question?

[00:44:00.20] – Logan

Yeah, so I audibly clapped here in my office whenever you said that there’s another Mickey 7 book that’s been delivered. It wasn’t something I was expecting. I, you know, as active as I am on BookTok, I don’t follow too much the news behind things on that, so I’m not sure if that was public before you said it here. Um, I— you’ve written a handful of standalones, you now have this soon-to-be trilogy. Do you, do you prefer these expansive worlds and series, or do you like kind of taking this— you know, After the Fall isn’t an outrageously long book, but the world is so well built out and able to see visually through the book. Which do you prefer, kind of these shorter standoff, you know, you write a book, it’s done, the story’s over, or do you like more the series where you can continue with these characters and see years and years of development through the different books?

[00:45:07.16] – Ed Ashton

Well, I mean, they each have their charms. The, the advantage of a standalone is that you get to meet new people, you get to meet new characters. Every one is a fresh challenge. You can, you know, you have a blank canvas in front of you, you can do whatever you want with it. And there’s a lot of freedom to that. And it can be an exciting process. It can be a frightening process. Because again, you don’t necessarily know you’re going to get to a good place at the end, or at least I don’t. With, with a series, The sequels are, I would say, easier to write. The writing comes more easily because you already know the characters, you’re already familiar with them. Like, I know exactly when I was writing this, this most recent book, the third Mickey 7 book, I already know Nasha, I know Mickey, I know Birdo, I know how they sound. I didn’t have to worry about working on their characters or their voices and figuring out exactly how they ought to handle diction and intonation and things like that. I already knew all that stuff. And so I can just, you know, I can just go.

[00:46:11.10] – Ed Ashton

I also don’t have to worry in a series so much about worldbuilding. Worldbuilding is the hardest part of writing a science fiction novel, trying to get the details of sort of where you are, when you are, how do things work here, what’s the new tech, what’s the new social mores that the reader’s not familiar with. Getting all that out there without it being like an embarrassing data dump is really, really hard to do. And in a series, you do all that in your first book, and then hopefully you’re not doing any more of it in your sequels. If you’re inventing new lore in book 3, you’ve done something really wrong. That’s, yeah, I don’t know if you follow like The Fourth Wing, but that was one of the big criticisms of the sequels of The Fourth Wing is that You know, Rebecca Yarros is, um, still inventing lore in book 3 and book 4. And that’s, uh, you know, that, that can be kind of— now she’s, she sold a million books for every one of mine. So I’m not criticizing Rebecca Yarros in any way, but, uh, you know, if, if you’ve done things right, from my perspective, you get all the worldbuilding done in book 1 and then book 2, book 3, um, really you can just get to sort of the characters and the adventure and, and that’s, To me, that’s a lot more fun to write.

[00:47:25.01] – Ed Ashton

Like I said, world building, I love what wound up on the page in Mickey 7, but it was hard. It was, that was really, really hard work. And you have to do that all over again every time you put it, put out a standalone. So there, you know, that’s a challenge. And I also have to factor in what my publisher wants because I don’t just get to write whatever I want, right? I’m, Signing contracts with Macmillan and my editor gets a big input into what I’m gonna be delivering to them. And there’s a basic assumption in publishing that each book in a series will sell a fraction of the previous books in that series because, and you know, this makes perfect sense, nobody who didn’t read the first book is gonna read book 2. And some of the people who read the first book hated it and will not read book 2. So you’ll always sell fewer book 2 than you did book 1, fewer book 3 than you did book 2. And so you have to have, before they’ll greenlight a second, a third, a fourth book in a series, you have to have a certain sales level of the first book.

[00:48:31.21] – Ed Ashton

And so that’s, you know, obviously with the movie and Mickey 7 being translated into 24 languages and so on and so forth, that’s not a problem. I can, I think I can probably write as many Mickey 7 books as I want at this point. But with the other books, it’s a negotiation with your editor as to whether, well, let’s look at what the sales numbers were for book 1. Do we think that’ll support a sequel? Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. And it’s, to me as an author, it’s a little bit easier to avoid that negotiation and just write another standalone if that’s what the publisher wants. So that was a long answer to a short question. I don’t know if that got to what you were looking for.

[00:49:06.01] – Logan

It did. And I actually do have a follow-up on it. Which of your standalones would you like to revisit in the future?

[00:49:14.09] – Ed Ashton

I would love to write a sequel to The Fourth Consort. I deliberately put a little seed for a sequel. You know, it’s a standalone book. It’s a complete story in and of itself. But I did build a little seed in there at the end for a sequel. I already have plotted out a sequel to that book. I’ve provided that pitch to my editor. He has not bitten on it yet. But I still have hopes that he will at some point. I think that could be a lot of fun. I really, really loved, you know, I told you Martok’s probably my favorite character. I think Dalton Greaves is my second favorite. I really loved working with Dalton. He was a really fun character to write, and I would love to get to revisit him and revisit that world.

[00:50:01.16] – John Knych

Thank you, Logan. Thank you, Ed. In a previous talk, Ed, we had a talk with Peter Hamilton and One of the readers, Chris, asked a great question which I said I want to ask Ed this. It’s another left-field question. If you could have— sit down and have a beer with any of your characters, who would it be? Would it be Dalton or would it be Martok? Just for an hour to talk, who would it be and why?

[00:50:31.17] – Ed Ashton

I don’t think it would be Dalton because Dalton’s enough like me that it would be boring. Dalton is the closest I’ve probably ever come to a self-insert into a book. I mean, if you look at Dalton’s biography and look at my biography, there are some alarming similarities there. So yeah, that would probably be a dull conversation, honestly. I think it might be, you know, if I were to stretch back Gary from Three Days in April is a really, is a really interesting guy. I wouldn’t mind. I think I could probably have a good time hanging out with him. I might end up dead at the end of it, but I think, I think it’d be an interesting conversation in the, in the interim.

[00:51:18.23] – John Knych

Excellent. Back around to Brandon, if you have a question.

[00:51:24.09] – Brandon

Yeah, I have kind of a comment followed by a follow-up question. So this is like one of the coolest books I own, and this is a broken binding edition. I love it. Thanks for signing it, by the way.

[00:51:38.02] – Ed Ashton

Yep. You know what, what’s annoying though? I never got a copy of that one. That is— I think that is the only edition of Mickey 7 that I do not own a copy of.

[00:51:47.06] – Noémie

Huh.

[00:51:47.24] – Ed Ashton

So I don’t know what happened. They were supposed to send me some and they just never did.

[00:51:52.11] – Brandon

Huh.

[00:51:52.19] – Ed Ashton

Wow.

[00:51:53.20] – Brandon

Yeah, my question was going to be like, how much How much involvement do you have in, in this? This is— so it’s the Broken Binding Edition. Did you have any involvement with this?

[00:52:03.20] – Ed Ashton

Um, the same that I do with all the editions. Um, there was an approval process on the COVID I absolutely love the COVID on this one. I had no notes on this one. I was like, no, that is— that’s absolutely perfect. Um, and they gave me, they gave me approval on the, um, the artwork on the interior of the book as well. Which I also thought, like I said, absolutely spectacular. I thought they really— I’ve seen a number of depictions of the Creepers in various ways. I think the artist here really got it as close as anyone has to how I imagined it and how I described it. I was really pleased with that. Yeah, there you go. That’s basically what I was thinking. He really nailed it. It was impressive. So I, you know, I thought that was fun. I did have to sign a zillion copies. I think they were— I think they printed 6,000 of those, if I recall correctly. That’s a lot of signing. I don’t know if you ever signed your name 6,000 times in a row, but, you know, if you want the experience, try to just like say the word Chesapeake 6,000 times in a row and see what it sounds like after about 2,000 or 3,000 times through.

[00:53:15.02] – Ed Ashton

I actually had to stop every 20 or 25 minutes and remind myself how to sign, what my signature is supposed to look like before I could get back into it. It was, that was, I know like Brandon Sanderson once supposedly signed like 24,000 copies of one of his books in one night. I don’t know how you manage to do that without winding up in a hospital afterwards. That was, that, that was just doing these. It took me, it took me a week to get through all 6,000 and, and it was, uh, it was a challenge.

[00:53:48.00] – Brandon

So does a Broken Binding reach out to you or is that just something between them and the publisher to, to get those published?

[00:53:54.08] – Ed Ashton

They, they work, they work through the publisher. Um, and then the, the publisher works through my agent to get back to me. So I, I never had any direct contact with the, the folks at Broken Binding except basically like approving the artwork and so forth.

[00:54:07.16] – John Knych

Thank you. Yeah, I’ve stumbled on videos of Brandon Sanderson, like doing a, doing like a talk and signing at the same time.

[00:54:16.14] – Ed Ashton

It’s a, he’s an interesting guy. Yeah, he is. He’s a super interesting guy. Yeah. I, I, I, uh, I mean, you, you can tell that just by the volume of work that he produces. I mean, how many hundreds of thousands of words a year does that man crank out? It’s, it’s, it’s absolutely astonishing. So I can— that’s another person that I can admire while at the same time knowing I could never do what he does. Never. The way that he writes, the volume of work that he produces, even if I didn’t have a day job, I could never do that. Absolutely impossible.

[00:54:52.03] – John Knych

Yeah, he’s prolific. All right, let’s do a last question. We’ll go around the horn. Noemi, do you have any last questions?

[00:54:59.11] – Noémie

Yes. Apart from not raising the eyebrows of your characters, if you could go back in time to the first draft of your first book and give young Edward Ashton an advice, what would it be?

[00:55:12.09] – Ed Ashton

You’re not as clever as you think you are. That’s, that’s the big thing that I would have said to him. There’s a lot of stuff in there that I thought I was being really funny and clever, and looking back on it, I I am very conscious of John Scalzi’s admonition that the failure mode of clever is asshole. And you need to really, when you think you’re being funny and you think you’re being clever, you need to really interrogate yourself to make sure that you’re not just being a jerk. And I don’t think I was a jerk necessarily. But there are certainly, there are some things in, particularly in that first book that I would have that I would have toned down.

[00:55:54.06] – John Knych

I think it’s a really funny book. It’s, I laughed out loud. It does.

[00:55:58.11] – Ed Ashton

I think it does hold up and I like it. But like I said, you can tell there are tells in there that I was still a baby writer when I, when I did that one. It’s looking back, like I said, there are things I would have done different. And any artist 10 years on who looks back at what they did 10 years ago and says, no, that was perfect. I wouldn’t touch it. You’re not growing then. You’re not growing as an artist, and that’s not where you want to be.

[00:56:24.15] – Noémie

That’s interesting. Thank you. Growth, I think, is the main thing, the main theme today.

[00:56:30.13] – John Knych

Thank you, Naomi. Back to Brian, if you have a question, or Jen. Brian’s good. Jen. Nick, you’re good. Brandon, you’re good. You have one last question?

[00:56:45.17] – Brandon

Uh, nope, just thanks for, thanks for joining us.

[00:56:48.06] – John Knych

Yeah, or Logan, one more, one more question. I didn’t want to skip you.

[00:56:52.16] – Logan

Yeah, it’s all good on my end. Thank you a lot.

[00:56:55.15] – John Knych

Um, I have one last one, Ed, before we, uh, say thank you and goodbye. The— I mentioned this idea before that I thought the, the human as pet trope just could have been so easily bungled. Like, it’s— going into it, I was very curious to see how you would, how you would do it.

[00:57:11.00] – Ed Ashton

I knew I was walking a tightrope with this one. Yeah.

[00:57:13.19] – John Knych

So my question is, with that tightrope, was it a similar process to you creating Mark Talk in that you really had to revise, you know, try things, the editor says no? Like, were there some moments that the editor said that’s too much, or were you able to create it in a fairly efficient way? Because to me, it never felt like too much. But I can see in the writing process you might have had like a scene or an idea that might have crossed the line, or did that never happen?

[00:57:47.09] – Ed Ashton

Not with my editor. My editor, who I love dearly, he’s a fantastic person, but he has a pretty light touch. And I think part of that is because I’m so hard on myself. And I have a group of critique partners who are very hard on me, as I asked them to be. My middle daughter in particular is absolutely brutal. She is a very keen reader. She picks up on things that I would never in a million years pick up on, and she has no hesitation to say, like, you sound like an idiot here, or this really is not what you want to do, or this particular thing that you put in there is going to really piss off this particular segment of, you know, whatever audience you’re trying to reach, and you need to take that out. In this particular one, she was, in fact, there are a couple of scenes in there where she was like, you’re gonna get animal rights people really upset with you if you write this scene the way that you wrote it. And I completely rewrote a couple of scenes in order to to allay those concerns. Reading back through it, she was like, she was 100% right, 100% correct.

[00:59:10.16] – John Knych

Violence against the Grays against the humans or the humans against the Grays?

[00:59:17.16] – Ed Ashton

Just in the way that the relationship between Martok and John, some turns that it took in the initial drafts. She was just like, “No, the PETA people are going to absolutely eviscerate you on this.” So I don’t want to get anybody mad. I don’t want to get yelled at on the internet any more than anybody else does. I mean, as a writer, you’re gonna get yelled at on the internet sometimes by random people. Particularly after the movie came out for Mickey 7, I got a lot of hate mail. I got a lot of really, really aggressive, nasty hate mail after that movie came out.

[00:59:55.21] – John Knych

About what?

[00:59:57.13] – Ed Ashton

About the fact that Mark Ruffalo was doing an impression of Donald Trump. And if you’re a fan of Donald Trump, you’re really mad and you can’t get Bong Joon-ho’s contact, but you can get mine. And so they just absolutely let me have it. And like, I’ll accept that. I’m not gonna get mad about that.

[01:00:17.16] – John Knych

Angry that you wrote a book and that someone else hired someone else who did a bad impression.

[01:00:24.04] – Ed Ashton

Well, these people never read the book. They probably never even saw the movie. They just probably read something about the movie that it was making fun of Donald Trump, and they’re like, who can I yell at about this? And like I said, if you go looking, you will never find Bong Joon-ho’s contact information. But if you’re a little bit diligent about it, you can go to my website and you can get through to me. And so they did. And so they did. But I’ll accept that kind of heat, but I don’t want to inadvertently or unnecessarily, um, torque off any particular segment of the population because number one, I don’t actually like getting yelled at. Um, and number two, I don’t want to alienate groups of readers. I mean, that’s not helpful to me.

[01:01:09.16] – John Knych

That’s, uh, well, and I don’t think you’re— I think any— I posted this before, anyone who’s a dog lover will just just love this book. Like, I think, um, I didn’t feel any, any violence or hate.

[01:01:23.00] – Ed Ashton

I think that’s, that’s the way it came out in the end.

[01:01:24.22] – John Knych

Yeah.

[01:01:26.17] – Ed Ashton

After I, after I had gone through many, many rounds of revision, I’m really happy with where it came out. But like I said, there were a couple of rough spots in that, in that first draft that my, that my daughter really honed in on in a really effective way. She’s a smart kid. I mean, she’s, she’s 27 years old. She’s not a kid. But she’s very— she’s a very smart woman.

[01:01:47.05] – John Knych

Excellent. Well, I don’t want to take up too much more of your time. I really enjoyed this talk. Thank you for taking the time to talk with us. And hopefully they make a movie from this. Looking forward to reading the third installment of the Mickey 7 series.

[01:02:04.24] – Ed Ashton

Should be out in February next year.

[01:02:07.06] – John Knych

Awesome. And are we the first to know? Is that—

[01:02:10.17] – Ed Ashton

I don’t think I’ve mentioned that to anybody yet. So yeah, I think you probably are. I mean, my editor and his team are all well aware. But yeah, I think you may be the first people in the general public to be aware.

[01:02:22.17] – John Knych

Great. If you give me the email addresses of the Trump people, I can email them back with the news.

[01:02:29.08] – Ed Ashton

I will be sure to do that. Yes, I’m sure they’ll be very excited.

[01:02:32.17] – John Knych

Yeah, just forward it.

[01:02:33.08] – Ed Ashton

I’m sure they read Antimatter Blues and are just queued up for this new one.

[01:02:36.16] – John Knych

Yeah, yeah. I’ll send them a link to the chat and say that you—

[01:02:40.14] – Ed Ashton

Appreciate it. Thank you.

[01:02:41.17] – John Knych

Yeah. All right, everyone, have a great day. Thank you, Ed, and happy reading, happy writing.

[01:02:48.13] – Ed Ashton

Yep. Thank you.

[01:02:49.06] – John Knych

Bye-bye.

[01:02:50.10] – Noémie

Thank you so much.

Adrian Tchaikovsky – 2 – Children of Strife

[00:00:03.03] – John Knych

Hello everyone, thank you for being here today. We are with Adrian Tchaikovsky to discuss Children of Strife, the fourth book in the Children of Time series. And Adrian, it’s super special that you are, you are here because you were our first speaker two years ago, and you talked with us last year about Shroud. So thank you for being here again. We love your writing, we love your books, and the first question I would like to ask you is about the origin of this book, the ideas, but more specifically, how much of the ideas for this book came while writing books 1 through 3, and how much came after you finished with Children of Memory? Because there was a little reference, I think, in Children of Time to the creatures in this book in the ocean. So I’m curious to know how much was germinating before and how much came after you finished the third book.

[00:00:55.09] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, so the vast majority came after. I mean, in this series in particular, the books are relatively standalone and they’re just building on what has gone before. But you’re absolutely right to say the stomatopods, the mantis shrimps, got a mention early on. And I’ve been sort of trying to work out how to fit them in. And at one point I think there was probably going to be a mantis shrimp character in one of the previous books, but I couldn’t find any real point for them to be there. And, you know, obviously if you’re introducing a whole extra species, you have to devote quite a lot of the book to explaining what they’re about. And so, yeah, they’ve just sort of been languishing on the sidelines until we came to this book where, A, I thought, well, if I’m going to do another one, I should just make that their book. And then, as often happens with my books, that’s half a book sort of sitting around, and then the other half with what the humans are doing and what, you know, Hartmann is doing on his sort of illicit terraforming spree is the other half.

[00:01:56.14] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And because of the, the, because of the book’s themes, um, those two halves then thankfully complement each other quite nicely.

[00:02:08.09] – John Knych

Thank you. On to Brandon for the next question.

[00:02:12.24] – Brandon

Yeah, thank you so much for joining us today. We really appreciate that. So You mentioned the mantis shrimp. My question is, how do you come up with new species to uplift? And the mantis shrimp was the newest one. So why the mantis shrimp? And how do you go about choosing which new species to add for every book?

[00:02:37.20] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

So what I’m looking for in a species is something that is going to benefit from being made smart, which might sound a bit odd, but intelligence isn’t necessarily a benefit. It’s very resource intensive to make something intelligent. And, you know, if you just need sort of quick twitch reflexes to survive, then being, you know, spending an extra 5 seconds thinking about the philosophy behind that is not going to help you escape being eaten. And so, but there are certainly circumstances in which the smarter you are, the better you’re going to do. And one of the things we see with most of the creatures I’m dealing with is they’re kind of in the middle of the food chain. So they need a full suite of skills to predate on things and also a full suite of skills to avoid predation. And with the, with the Portia spiders, it’s actually frequently the same thing ’cause they’re often preying on things that will kill them very easily. There’s also a social aspect which didn’t come up with the octopuses or the porcids particularly because they’re not naturally social species. But mantis shrimp, whilst kind of solitary, they live in very closely packed environments and they’re very, very capable of killing conspecifics.

[00:03:55.17] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

So you have something there where the better they are at handling their own species on a social level, the better, the more successful they’re going to be, which is an enormous driver of intelligence. And so, I mean, one of the things you see in Children of Time is the nanovirus just hits everything, but only certain things really get that evolutionary boost because those are the things that benefit from being smarter. So you meet a tarantula, I think, quite early on in Children of Time. And it’s mentioned that, you know, this has also become basically bigger from the nanovirus, but it hasn’t really got much smarter ’cause being smarter doesn’t particularly benefit it. In the same way that it does for the porsheds. So that’s what I’m looking for. I mean, one of the things Peter Godfrey-Smith, who wrote the octopus book I used as a lot of my research for Children of Ruin, wrote another book called Metazoa in which he mentions mantis shrimps. And I got from that that they were much more cognitively complex than I was aware of. And then because I was aware of them as just generally cool creatures with a lot of fun capabilities, I decided, right, I’m going to do the research.

[00:05:04.10] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I’ll work out what they can do and what I can do with them for the book.

[00:05:09.24] – John Knych

Awesome.

[00:05:10.22] – Brandon

Thank you.

[00:05:13.05] – John Knych

Excellent. On to Noemi.

[00:05:15.17] – Noémie

Well, you kind of responded to my question, but, um, my question was, did you contact or use a lot of outside resources to build upon the species, but also all the terraforming stuff? Um, does it come from particular research that you did, or did you contact anyone working in a field, for example, where does it come from? Because it’s at times very specific, and I just wanted to know that because it’s very fascinating to me. And thank you for being there again.

[00:05:43.22] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Oh no, you’re very welcome. So I— my preferred method of research is to find someone who knows about the subject and get them to tell me the very specific things I’m interested in, because that is by far the most efficient way of getting information. In this case, there is indeed a world authority on mantis shrimp behavior, and he retired about a week before I started researching the book, and I could not for the love of get hold of him. So I had to read 40 years of his research, which was not a waste of time because I then picked up a lot of things I didn’t know I wouldn’t have known to ask about. So that then enriched the, you know, the description of the mantis shrimps in the book. For the terraforming stuff, whilst I’ve got a, you know, I’ve done a certain amount of background reading over various sci-fi projects, I mean, other than wildly theoretical stuff, obviously we haven’t terraformed anything, and certainly not in the sort of weird, weird ways that are going on in Children of Strife. So it’s very much at that point, it’s just as long as I’m not doing something that is patently impossible as per the laws of physics, I pretty much got a free hand.

[00:06:56.01] – Noémie

I see. Thank you so much.

[00:06:59.02] – John Knych

Thank you, Noemi. For those who are arriving who have never been here before, if you don’t have a question, no big deal, just say pass. I have tons of questions, and I’m sure Brandon, Noemi, and others, others do as well. But moving on to Jen, if you have a question.

[00:07:16.13] – Noémie

I do.

[00:07:17.05] – Jenn

Yeah, thanks for being here. One thing I really loved Sorry, I’m getting over a cold— was how the book keeps coming back to identity and instincts, but through these very different characters. The manna shrimp is wrestling with his instincts, and Portofabian is sort of this blend, and Alice and Mirror just have their own thing going on. Is that something that you planned on going into this? I’m going to examine identity and instinct, or did it just sort of evolve organically as you were writing the story?

[00:07:53.20] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I think it’s sort of a natural fallout of the sort of things I’m writing about. So while, you know, the initial focus is let’s do the, you know, the evolutionary biology thought experiment. And if you’re doing that and if you’re putting yourself in the point of view of these various non-human characters, you really have to get into that territory if you’re being true to the topic, I think. So it’s sort of a natural outgrowth of the thing that I was initially interested in.

[00:08:27.00] – Josh

Yeah, thank you.

[00:08:32.02] – John Knych

Thank you, Jen. On to Josh.

[00:08:36.15] – Josh

Circle back around to me. I was going to ask something slightly unrelated, so I’ll go towards the end.

[00:08:45.11] – John Knych

No problem. On to Chris, if you have a question. Um, uh, no problem. Um, on to, uh, Yiding, if you have a question. Again, you can pass if you don’t.

[00:08:59.20] – Yiding

Um, I do have a question. Uh, first, uh, Adrian, thanks for being here. Um, so it’s been a while since I’ve read, uh, the previous book, Children of Memory. Um, so I might be misremembering, but it seems to me that like you have a slightly different approach, uh, approach to the, the simulations between the two books, uh, because the first book was very much about how there’s a reality to them, that they’re so complex that even though the character— the people in the simulation are are not real, they are actually real in a sense. But in this one, there’s a lot of focus on how they are not real, that they are essentially just simulations. I’m wondering, does that reflect a change in your own view towards this stuff in the intervening years?

[00:09:56.08] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I suspect that it’s inevitable that the the growth of language models and the various borderline fraudulent claims made about them has rather soured me on certain things in that general area. I think the big difference that’s here within the text is there is a significant shift between real and true. So the problem that Alice and her co-researchers have, if indeed there are actual co-researchers, um, is that they’re looking for truth. They believe— and this is, this is something that is mentioned in, in Memory— the idea that there is a deeper level of the simulation that preserves the terraformers. And so you can learn about the terraformers from that, and there is a deeper layer beyond that that preserves the makers of the machine in the first place. And that’s from Alice’s experiments does not appear to be the case. And instead, because of the reactive way that the simulation responds to people entering it, which we, again, we saw a certain amount of with Children of Membra in the way that Kern and Miranda kind of screwed everything up by just being there. If you are looking for a thing, then it will give you a thing that looks like the thing you’re looking for.

[00:11:29.06] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And at this point, I am, yes, very much thinking about how, you know, ChatGPT or similar language models are built in with this infinite confidence and zero actual knowledge so that if there is no answer, it won’t tell you there’s no answer. Or if it’s not sure of the answer, it won’t tell you that. It will just tell you an answer because it is programmed to create answer-shaped objects in response to question-shaped objects. And this is the problem that Alice is having with the simulation and, you know, that becomes sort of iterated to ridiculousness by this idea that you keep looking and you keep finding more and more levels and societies of people that couldn’t possibly exist and so forth, just because you want to find them, and the simulation knows you want to find them, and the simulation does not want to disappoint you. So a bit of both, basically.

[00:12:29.21] – John Knych

Fascinating. Thank you, Eding. Thank you, Adrian. Um, Scatha, I don’t know if you can hear me, if you want to ask a question.

[00:12:37.20] – Speaker 8

Good morning. Um, hi, Adrian. I’m a super fan girl of your work. I’ve started reading, uh, Children of Ruin. Yeah, was number one.

[00:12:50.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Uh, number two.

[00:12:52.20] – Speaker 8

Number two, Children of Ruin.

[00:12:55.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Memory Strife.

[00:12:57.02] – Speaker 8

That’s right. And they’re so intense because your writing makes you have to be really committed to your world. Um, but I find everything I’ve read, it’s very, um, Every one of your stories has left me with a different worldview. So big compliments to that because it’s changed how I think about the existing world I’m in. I really like your writing, that’s all. And Children of Strife, I felt like your— I felt your commentary to current affairs within the story, but it wasn’t overt or like it wasn’t heavy-handed, but I felt like I could hear your reflection of some of the things that are happening in the world. And I love where we ended up. I felt it was despite so much, your work to me remains very hopeful and uplifting. And I had just finished everything you did of the Tyrant Philosophers, which is a segue, but oh my God. Okay. Anyway, so I don’t know if I have any questions other than, are you going to do another one after this, I guess would be my next question.

[00:14:21.16] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

So, yeah. So this, like a lot of series I do, it’s more a sequence of books rather than an actual kind of traditional plot arc, which is something I’ve done about 3 times. It’s more usual for me to write a book and then want to write more in the settings rather than particularly pick up on an ongoing plot. So it’s possible there will be another one. I’ve got about half a book of idea currently kicking about at the back of my head, but it needs its other half before that’s ever going to be anything.

[00:15:01.20] – John Knych

Thank you, thank you, Skatha. Back to Chris, if you’re there. If Chris— or you can type in the chat. Chris, do you have a question or no? Oh, yep.

[00:15:12.03] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, yeah, thanks, Josh.

[00:15:23.19] – John Knych

You have a question, Chris, or no?

[00:15:25.23] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

No, I’ll be all right. It’s okay. It’s okay. I’ll just enjoy the Enjoy the video. I mean, I’m happy to talk about other, other books or anything like that if you wanted to. It’s all right, Adrian. It’s, um, I’ve literally just finished Children of Strife, a great book, but, um, I’m a bit, uh, doped up on pain medication at the moment, so I’m just gonna enjoy, enjoy the, uh, the questions answered.

[00:15:52.19] – John Knych

Okay, thank you, Chris. Yeah, I wasn’t expecting Chris to be here. He just had a car accident, but I’m good. Surprised me saying I wanted to still be part of it. So thanks for being here, Chris, and feel better. Okay, a lot of good questions. Thank you, everyone. Yiding, I want to piggyback off of your question. Adrian, my favorite quote in the whole book is near the end when you said the self was more than just patterns of neurons in the brain. It was the gut and the rush of blood, 1,000 different hormones telling you how you felt, a microbiome of passengers making their demands and fighting their battles. Hadn’t felt a computer was a good model for a human mind. The— has your sense of the possibility of uploading consciousness into computers, has that also changed in the same way that you said your view of simulations has changed? Because in Children of Time, the upload is a, is a big plot point. And in some of your other books, correct me if I’m wrong, but Cage of— Cage of Souls, um, there’s a, there’s an element of uploading consciousness. Has that evolved for you, this idea that, look, no, the human identity is also these biological interactions that we just can’t ever put in a computer?

[00:17:06.14] – John Knych

Or is it still possible someday?

[00:17:08.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, I think it, I think it is conceivably possible to, you know, I mean, I guess you’d be looking at something like a full-on simulation. Rather than just the traditional kind of mind upload stuff. I mean, I have, since writing Children of Time, I’ve certainly, there was a thing I was involved in about, what, 5, 6 years ago, which involved a whole bunch of scientists talking to a whole bunch of novelists, and a number of them were talking about brain uploading. Whether it’s ever going to be possible in any way seemed to be about a 50-50 split between them, which was quite interesting. But One of the things I also picked up on was at around the time I was writing Children of Time, the, the, our understanding of like the microbiome and the other and the, its interactivity with, you know, ourselves and our cognitive processes was just kind of coming in. And I’ve read up quite a bit about that since. And it does seem, I mean, I think there is this traditional science fiction thing about the brain in the jar, which I guess we’re talking like 1960s, ’70s sci-fi, you tend to see that turning up quite a lot.

[00:18:24.01] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And that very much is the model for the idea of an uploaded consciousness and a computer. And the problem is most of those models, and they are quite old, a lot of them, they are based on the idea, well, it’s the brain. And now we know that an awful lot of what is us, as per that paragraph, because obviously, you know, that’s explicitly what I’m talking about, is going on throughout the body. And so if you were able to upload, it would— I don’t think it is necessarily flat out impossible, but I think it would need a much more holistic approach to what consciousness is than simply, say, duplicating the you know, the electrochemical signals in the brain, because you would get something out of that, I guess, but it wouldn’t be a self in any way because we are much, much more than just what’s going on in the brain. I mean, and this, this isn’t— this actually ties in to a lot of the, uh, the Children series themes. Um, a lot of the creatures I’m talking about which have this extremely complex set of behaviors like the portia spiders or the mantis shrimps and certainly appear to have an internality from the way they behave.

[00:19:46.01] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And obviously that’s not a thing we can ever necessarily know, but it’s, you know, from outward show, that does appear to be the case. They have very little of what we think of as a brain and we for a very large, a long period of time in science and medicine, we’ve kind of assumed that our enormous brains are basically the be-all and end-all to intelligence. You know, it’s when you, when you, when you— the idea of brain in a jar is quite understandable from that point of view. But looking at what creatures can do with much, much smaller brains, you have to conclude, well, maybe our brains are actually not terribly efficiently laid out. I mean, certainly it appears like bird brains like the corvids in memory, bird brains seem to be much more efficient than human brains pound for pound. The human, it’s just the human brains are much, much bigger. But, and it’s no, I’m not, I don’t want to go anywhere near the old idea of, oh well, we only use 90, you know, 10% of our brains or anything like that, which is absolute nonsense. But it may well be the case that our brains have evolved in a way that, you know, they could have been half the size and just as good.

[00:20:54.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

If they had been more efficiently formed, because evolution doesn’t necessarily find the best way, it just finds a way that works. And so I’m completely rambling now, but you can see the— yeah, I certainly, I am. There’s been some fascinating stuff about uploading and also just about human consciousness that means I would probably have to approach that Avrana Kern section in Time a little more, a little differently now. I I’d still be able to do it. I’d just have to kind of fudge it in slightly different ways and make reference to these things as part of it. I guess there is no way you, no reason why if your upload system is sufficiently good, you could not sort of simulate the various other parts of the whole.

[00:21:54.08] – John Knych

Fascinating. Or use a planet, right? You use the life on a planet to do it too. Uh, all right, back to Brandon.

[00:22:02.10] – Brandon

Uh, yeah, I want to go kind of a little bit off of that previous question in a little bit different direction. So Kern in this one is kind of a copy of, I guess, a copy of a copy. So my question is At what point does a copy become its own? Let’s call it a person. Is it in your— what is, what is your view of this? Is it as soon as it copies, it’s a, it’s a new person, or does it have to gather a certain amount of memories before it becomes a distinct entity, or do you think it’s the exact same as the, as the copy?

[00:22:41.23] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, like, I think that I mean, they’re the difference between is it a new person and is this a different person? So I think as soon as you have a copy and it’s not sort of constantly in contact with the original, it must be a new person. It can still be a new person who that is initially exactly the same. And once it has any kind of different experience, then that must lead to a divergence. Of person because we are influenced by everything that’s happened to us. And what seems to have been happening in the, with Kern is that you have these individual copies that kind of go out and become different and then essentially become gestalt Kerns based on the combination of all the experiences, which is of course very similar to how the Noden entity works. In that if you get a bunch of nodon cells from diff— that have been— that have had different experiences and bring them together, there will be a library of all those experiences and still be a singular kind of consciousness. So, so it’s, it’s, it’s, it’s essentially a kind of a, uh, convergent evolution of consciousness between the artificial and the, um, alien.

[00:24:01.19] – Brandon

Thank you.

[00:24:03.15] – John Knych

Thanks, Brandon. Uh, Josh, we’ll jump— I know we skipped you before. Do you want— are you still contemplating, or, uh, should we keep going around the circle?

[00:24:13.24] – Josh

Um, I have one I could jump in on quickly. First off, lovely to chat to you, Adrian. It’s, it’s really cool to see you here. Um, thanks for doing this. Um, you mentioned a few years ago you were talking to a bunch of sci-fi writers, were to a bunch of scientists. Um, were you—

[00:24:34.15] – Jenn

was it about—

[00:24:35.10] – Josh

I think it was a different one where the Ministry of Defense asked a—

[00:24:39.11] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

that was much more recent. Yeah, yeah. So that, that one led to the stories that are in the recently published Creative Futures, um, collection, which did, did not in fact win the British Science Fiction Award but was up for it. Um, The other one, I believe there was supposed to be a collection. I don’t think it’s come out, and I suspect it probably never will because it was all, you know, it was all being organized by one writer, and writers are not terribly good at organizing things. But it was a fascinating thing to be involved in, and you know, you’re basically just getting a lot of sort of free insight and ideas from all of these scientists, and there was a story written for that. I’m just, I don’t know if it will ever see the light of day.

[00:25:22.22] – Josh

Fair enough. So was that with the defense one, or was that—

[00:25:28.14] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

No, the defense one all happened, and quite possibly may continue to go on for that matter. And, you know, like I say, that book came out. This other one was some years beforehand, 3 or 4 years beforehand, and was mostly focused on that kind of, uh, man-machine interaction.

[00:25:54.07] – Josh

And in terms of when you’re in those— that kind of setting, uh, what’s the kind of split between, let’s say, more hard sci-fi writers, people who put a lot more kind of into the, the here and now, how it might happen, versus more kind of, um, I don’t want to say soft sci-fi, but more kind of Maybe less rigorous to the science. Yeah, out there kind of thinking, I suppose, is the best way.

[00:26:27.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Which, so for the one I did way back, I’m trying to think who else was even on that. I think that was more geared towards I mean, the thing is with that sort of story, at the end of the day, writing a story that is trying to faithfully reproduce the really quite arcane technical stuff you’ve learned from these people who are right at the cutting edge of the field is almost certainly going to fail because you end up with a story that is absolutely crammed with fairly indigestible stuff. So what tends to happen is those technical details will get internalized by the writers and the writers will, what the writers are going to write about is what will this change. So you’re not necessarily going into the technicalities of precisely how it all works. You’re interested in if this became a technology that was readily available, where would it be applied? Who would have access to it? How would, what knock-on effects would that have? And so, you’re dealing with that boundary between the technical hard science fiction and the social hard science fiction. And in both cases, you’re still— it’s still hard science fiction because you are working with the constraints of what the world allows.

[00:27:53.04] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

But honestly, I mean, certainly from my point of view, the social side of that, i.e., what is the impact of it, is far more interesting than just how it works. Certainly for the Ministry of Defense stuff, which being more recent, I can remember rather more about, there was quite a widespread, but I don’t recall there being anyone there who would only have been interested in the technical stuff because really what they were interested in was what should we be worried about in the future that we are not currently looking at? It wasn’t a full-on military thing, but it was basically what, where are the shocks coming from? And they had various sort of themed sessions. So there was an environment-based session, there was an economy-based session, and that, you know, and sort of a social technology-based session, that kind of thing. And different writers are in on different ones. Cool.

[00:28:47.21] – Josh

And you said the first one was Creative Futures?

[00:28:50.00] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Creative Futures is the Ministry of Defense one. I will be putting up shortly on my website, they’ve just posted up one of my stories from that collection as free access online. So if you do want to go and have a look at the one, certainly the one I wrote that they were most interested in, and the one that honestly seems, you know, the world has kind of moved rather more towards it since I wrote it than I would have liked, then yeah, that one is now freely available. I’ll stick a link up via my website shortly.

[00:29:22.17] – Speaker 8

Cool.

[00:29:22.24] – Josh

Yeah, no, I’ll definitely check that out. Thank you.

[00:29:25.01] – John Knych

Thank you very much. Thank you, Josh. Back to Noemi.

[00:29:30.09] – Noémie

Yes, it’s not much of a question, but more of an observation that can lead to a question. But I couldn’t help but see some similarities between this book and Alien Clay in the sense that nature is almost like a conscious entity or character on its own in this book. And, you know, like the nature changing everything it touches and not defiling because that’s not what it is, right? But it has such a strong characterization in this book and as it had in Alien Clay in some ways. And I wanted to know, was it planned for you in the beginning to have this almost body horror kind of thing? I mean, it’s something that horrifies me, that also fascinates me. You know, that’s very Jeff VanderMeer kind of science fiction as well, like the changing, the modification of nature on the body. And I’m lost in my question, but I hope that you see what I mean. Like, it’s very similar to Alien Clay in some ways, this nature as an entity, as a character. And I was wondering why this almost changed between Children of Time and Children of Strife. It’s such a different way of characterizing nature and yeah, nature in general, for lack of a better word.

[00:30:45.22] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, I mean, you can kind of see what’s going on on the planet in Children of Strife as what if Alien Clay, but rubbish. And it’s, you know, I guess some of it arose organically in the kind of the creative process when I was doing the world building stage of things. With other bits, it’s very much you’ve got this group of people and they are terrible, terrible people and they get, by pure serendipity, they come across what should be the most amazing thing ever. And they ruin it. And that’s kind of what’s going on there. So it’s really, it is, it’s the idea of, well, you know, it doesn’t really matter how incredible your innovation actually is if the people who have their hands on the tiller are just appalling people with no real imagination. And so that’s what’s going on with Strife. I mean, it’s, I suspect that this idea of the interconnected ecosphere is something I’ll almost certainly come back to in other books as well. It’s just something that’s very much there in my head. You’re muted, John. Here we go.

[00:32:09.00] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you, Noemi. Back to Jen, I believe, if I got the— The order correct?

[00:32:16.06] – Jenn

Sure, thanks. Um, I was just wondering about the challenges of returning to an established universe versus creating something, uh, new. Like, um, when you come back to this world or, or any of your series, um, how do you make each book feel distinct but part of the whole? Are there specific challenges that you face there?

[00:32:41.23] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

There’s always the problem of, well, like, you know, you can just end up doing the same thing over again, which you just have to sort of consciously watch out for so as not to repeat yourself. I think where you are writing just new stories in the setting like I’m doing here, that makes it maybe a little easier because you’re always going off in a different direction with a different group of characters, and so you’re not going to end up doing that kind of middle of the enormous fantasy epic thing where everyone’s just trudging around between towns fighting goblins or whatever they’re doing. There’s, with this series in particular, there’s a bit of an extra pressure because it’s very much my flagship series. It’s, you know, Children of Time was the book that sort of put me on the map as a writer. And so if I am writing a new book in this in this setting, it’s got to be a solid one with a lot of good ideas in it and something interesting to say, which is why, you know, I don’t do a lot of these. You know, I could theoretically basically just churn one out each year with a different animal and you have to say, hey, it’s tapirs this year and it’s capybara the next and whatever, and that would get old quite quickly, I suspect.

[00:33:52.06] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And as well as that, the books need something sort of on the philosophical level. So I mean, that’s basically what I’m waiting for. For any, any, any, any fifth book will definitely need something with that kind of, um, sort of heavyweight aspect to it to come along and add to the, uh, you know, the fun creature stuff I’ve already got.

[00:34:17.04] – Jenn

Thank you.

[00:34:18.22] – John Knych

Thank you, Jen.

[00:34:19.24] – Yiding

Um, back to, um, you have, um Yeah, okay, so I’m wondering about the process of creating all these made-up names because you do that in sci-fi and fantasy as well. And I just feel like after you’ve written so many books, like, does it get to a point where it’s harder and harder to come up with names that actually sound good? Like, what is your process for creating all these nonsense names essentially?

[00:34:50.08] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, there are multiple processes. So if I’m doing a very deep worldbuilding thing, like with the Terran Philosophers, then the names are going to be culturally specific. So with each particular group of people I’m talking about, they’ll have a particular sort of feel to their names. And as long as they all fit in within that, and that’s very much something I sort of, I pioneered for myself doing the Shadows of the Apkka. There are loads of different cultures of that, all of them have naming merchants. And so you end up with the situation, you know, you hear a name, you’re like, I kind of know where that character is likely to come from because of the name that they’ve got. And then that hopefully gives you something that sounds, feels very organic and in setting, even though, you know, I mean, arguably are not all names Nodson names. I would say, yeah, we don’t even where names have, I mean, certainly Certainly in Western cultures, even where names have a meaning, that meaning tends to be quite deeply buried so that it’s not what we’re thinking of when we come across a name. In the Children series, certainly in the later books, the names tend to— I tend to play with references so that a lot of the names in Children of Memory are inspired by Norse mythology because that’s what I was doing then.

[00:36:12.17] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And the names in this book also have a literary inspiration, which is probably fairly obvious when you get only a little way into the book. And it’s, I mean, really, that’s, I’m kind of doing that purely for my own amusement. But you, I guess the third part of the answer is, as a writer, you get a sense for what sounds right as a name. And, you know, you’ll play around with variants and, you know, change vowels and consonants and so forth sometimes until you I mean, yeah, that’s the one that fits. And therefore, hopefully you don’t end up with anything that actually, you know, the readers just burst out laughing at because it’s inadvertently hilarious or anything like that. And you have a sense of, well, if the name is like this and this is kind of the connotation you’re getting from those sounds or those particular, you know, just that particular set of letters on the page. It’s definitely a part of the craft, is coming up with names that sound right.

[00:37:21.22] – Yiding

Interesting.

[00:37:23.19] – John Knych

Thank you, Yiding. This question also has to do with craft, Adrian. In previous talks, you’ve mentioned, one, that you enjoy the process of writing. Sometimes writers talk about it being you know, just a grind, but for you it’s joy. And two, you’ve mentioned in previous talk that you, you world, you love world building, that that just comes naturally to you, and that in some books you’ve built the world and then you’ve put the story in. So my question to you is somewhat left field, but when I read this quote about Radhina Kott where she said, you know, the perfectly natural rewards she felt when messed and merging with an entire responsive biosphere. She was the world. She was the mother goddess who ate her bug children. Those scenes where you describe like the ecstasy of being the world and building the world, is that how you feel about the worlds that you build in that you become them in a sense? And do you ever as a writer just get lost in them and sometimes think like, I just want to be in this book and not be anywhere else.

[00:38:34.00] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, I mean, I think I’m at least drawing on that, yeah, when it’s going really well in the writing process or in the, you know, and you have a real sense of the world you’re writing in as a real place that exists and the people in it as people with their own kind of independence, which varies from book to book. I’m kind of drawing on that. I mean, this is what I mean with the idea that they, you know, they, the 5 of them get given this incredible gift by the way that their system sort of shakes out and then basically aren’t in any way equipped to do anything worthwhile with it because of the sort of people they are. And yes, I think as a writer, you are generally aware that in order to write books, you’ve got to be a terrible person. You know, or at least there must be a terrible person in you because setting up plots and kind of drama and so forth involves you having horrible things happening to the imaginary people that you have created. And that’s, you know, that is fairly universal in narrative. And so you’re kind, you know, you are aware that you are the person that writes the chapter where this dreadful thing has happened to someone and they’re utterly distraught and the readers are going to be terribly set, and you kind of just go away rubbing your hands and cackling because you’ve done a good job.

[00:39:52.20] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And so to a certain extent, I am satirizing myself and my profession with the way that they carry on once they have this world at their disposal.

[00:40:05.01] – John Knych

Excellent. Thank you. Yeah, no, it’s— I wondered that, whether it was sort of like a self-reflective process. And then one really quick question before we go back around the horn. You describe Radina Kott as like a as a court jester. Do you also sort of describe, like, did you— how much do you relate to Radina Kott in, in a sense?

[00:40:26.14] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

So, uh, I mean, so Radina Kott is a character archetype I use a lot, and it’s an archetype that can be used as a positive or negative sort of character. Um, I don’t think it’s a me archetype particularly. I mean, if I am any of those people on the space station, it’s Pil, because he’s the bug guy. I have been called out on that on Blue Sky, and kind of, yeah, okay, that’s a fair cop. But there, Redina is the sort of character I really enjoy writing, just because she is kind of witty and clever and funny in a way that I’m not, but I always felt kind of would would be quite fun to be.

[00:41:18.05] – John Knych

Thank you. All right, back to Brandon.

[00:41:22.06] – Brandon

So in this, I, uh, for— I have a question for your writing process for Children of Strife. So in this one, you have the 3 different time periods, the ages. So did you write these in the order that they’re presented in the book, or did you write each of them separately? And just how did you kind of put those together?

[00:41:41.17] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, I mean, I decided I basically had to write them in chronological order as they happened in the universe. So all of the part one, all of the, all of the, you know, the Terraformer era stuff, then all of the Arkship era stuff, then all of the current stuff, because I needed to know in detail for each subsequent group what they were going to find, which is not the way I normally go about things. It’s the way I’ve gone about things for this series particularly. So I did it for Memory and for Ruin, but it does considerably lengthen the writing process because once you’ve written those individual eras, you then have to work out how are you going to fit them together. And what that can often mean is you need to rejig precisely what information the reader is getting at different points so that they’re not being spoiled too early by revelations or that they’re not being denied information that they actually do need to make sense of it. And so, because of that, the writing process for Strife took me about twice as long as it normally would for a book, just because I was spending so long going backwards and forwards and juggling them about.

[00:42:51.13] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And I had to go off and get beta readers just to read it because at that point you’re very close to the narrative and you need someone who has read the previous books but not this one who can say, “Yes, that makes sense,” or, “No, it doesn’t.” So would you say this one had more revisions than you normally do then? Yeah, I mean, certainly like the backend part after the, you know, essentially the 3 first draft manuscripts were individually produced was just an order of magnitude more complicated than it normally is.

[00:43:25.15] – Yiding

Thank you.

[00:43:27.16] – John Knych

Interesting. Back to Noemi.

[00:43:31.14] – Noémie

Yes, I mean, it was kind of the question I wanted to ask Brendan, so good one. My question also was for this book in particular, because it is a fourth of a series, did you have to go back and read the previous ones because maybe you missed something or maybe a character name, something very silly that you don’t necessarily remember, or did you just go with it and then maybe the beta readers went back and said, hey, maybe this is not something that was in the previous book, so you needed to explain more, go back before? Like, what was your process for— obviously a series is a bit different than a standalone, so did you have to go back and read the previous books before you did this one?

[00:44:10.14] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Yeah, not so much with these, because really, other than Kern, there’s relatively little content I could— I did go back and read some bits of memory where I was specifically talking about the simulation, basically just to make sure I was not wildly departing from that. But overall, the points where it links to previous books are very general. There are certainly other series where I do, where I have had to do that. So for example, I’ve just written a third expert systems book and I absolutely had to go back and do the other two. And for the 5th Tyrant Philosopher’s book where they’re going back to Ilmar, I did then go back through City of Last Chances just to get all the little details that would’ve fallen outta my head between them.

[00:45:01.10] – Noémie

That makes sense. Thank you so much.

[00:45:04.05] – John Knych

Great to hear there’s another expert system coming. Back to Josh. Or you can pass.

[00:45:15.05] – Josh

Go ahead and pass.

[00:45:16.24] – John Knych

Back to Jen, or, or you can pass.

[00:45:20.24] – Jenn

Um, everyone’s hit on my questions that I had left, so I’ll pass it along.

[00:45:25.11] – John Knych

On to, uh, Yiding, unless you want to pass.

[00:45:29.18] – Yiding

Yeah, I do have a question. Um, so, so the, uh, the, the chapters involving the, uh Radhina Kott and her peers, they’re very entertaining. And at the same time, these are very, very awful, insufferable people. So I’m just wondering, what is the trick to writing such insufferable people, but in a way that’s still very fascinating for the reader?

[00:46:01.08] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, I think it’s adding that humor, basically finding the angle for humor, which in this case is just— it’s Cot herself is a character who lends herself to humor because she does not take things seriously in the same way that Hartmund or Dorcheson does, which means, you know, if you were getting those same scenes narrated through the eyes of one of the other characters, it would probably be rather grueling as a reading experience. Because they are all horrible people, and Cot is not necessarily that much less horrible than the others, but she is at least entertaining as a narrator. And so, I mean, it’s something, weirdly enough, it’s something I learned from a lot of the better grimdark writers. So Abercrombie or Parker, say, that they are often, when they are writing about the grimmest possible stuff, they are often being extremely funny with it, and that makes the— it leavens the reading experience in a way that if they hadn’t done that, the books would probably have been really quite hard to read. And it also means that, you know, when the terrible thing does happen, you get an extra gut punch because the reader has been put off their guard because of the tone.

[00:47:21.03] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

But I genuinely believe that if you’re going to get really bleak, you also want to get funny. And this is why, you know, service model ends up like it does, for example, because it’s basically talking about the complete collapse of an entire civilization, but through the eyes of a rather bewildered robot. So it’s funny.

[00:47:40.15] – Speaker 8

Thank you.

[00:47:43.01] – John Knych

Thank you, Yiting. Good questions, everyone. And I feel like we’re doing groupthink because they’re segueing into things I want to talk about. This question relates to what Yiting just said. The group of insufferable characters, and also what Skad said before about how she sensed it was somewhat social commentary, your take on these characters. Because at one point you write, they could have all probably clubbed together and revived Earth itself, crowded and toxic as it was, but then they’d have to share it with the proles. My question is, were you in writing these characters also pushing your views on today’s world where we have people who have enormous power and technology and influence who are, we could say, some might say monsters? Or was your writing of these characters just, you know, their own, its own circus? You know, was there a subtle social commentary going on here or no?

[00:48:43.00] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, I don’t think the social commentary I’m doing there is subtle by any means. I, you know, there have been a number of my books that have gone in this direction. There’s Bearhead and there’s last year’s Hungry Gods. And it’s, yeah, we are entering a kind of an existential phase of human history where an unprecedentedly small number of people have an unprecedented amount of power. And they have that power because they are the worst possible type of people who’ve stopped at nothing to get it. And yes, I mean, I think that the quote that you’ve read out there about, I think if you look at sort of certain oligarchs’ ambitions for Mars or something like that, this is just the reason they don’t want, they would rather set up a, what would be probably a terrifyingly grim colony on Mars rather than rejuvenating Earth is they can’t own Earth in the way that they would be able to own Mars. and I feel that it’s not unreasonable to call that out as a writer, but also it’s just, I can put that sort of thing in my books or I can scream it out the window.

[00:49:58.07] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And if I scream it out of the window, people will get annoyed.

[00:50:03.10] – John Knych

Thank you. Um, all right, so maybe one last round of questions. I have, uh, like two more, but, um, if then any last questions, uh, Brandon, do you wanna, wanna ask another one?

[00:50:14.14] – Brandon

Yeah, so I’ve heard you talk about the one big lie in science fiction. So my question is, what’s the one big lie in Children of Strife?

[00:50:24.23] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Oh, that’s an interesting question. I think that I couldn’t point to the precise bit, but it would be somewhere within the, the kind of terraforming to godhood pipeline. I think that at that point I’m working with a science that is sort of so hand-wavy and so out there that there are, you know, if you were to put it under a microscope, you’d probably find some bits where it didn’t quite join up. But because that is the thing, you know, as you say, you can, you get away with the one big lie. That’s, you know, it doesn’t necessarily matter because it works narratively.

[00:51:19.10] – Brandon

Good answer.

[00:51:20.01] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Thanks.

[00:51:21.14] – John Knych

Thanks, Brandon. Back to Noemi.

[00:51:24.01] – Noémie

Yes. Was there one part of the book or one scene maybe that really stood out to you? And what did you feel like when you wrote that part? Specifically one, no spoilers, of course, but Was there one that really stood out for you, maybe like a horizon scene like we say in movies, like this, the reason why you wrote the book essentially, maybe?

[00:51:47.20] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

So not that, but there is like a serious and a non-serious answer to this question. The serious one is there are some scenes with, especially when I think it’s the scene when they have just left Earth on the ark ship. And before the key crew go into suspension, which kind of brought a lump to my throat because I knew what these people were going to hit, were going to hit. But it was just— I had been— before I wrote that arkship section, all the bits on Earth, I didn’t really understand actually how genuinely creditable and courageous and actually noble that whole business was, you know, and that, you know, it is a— it is also a quite grim setup they’ve got on Earth. But just having the, you know, Captain Kasimir and her crew just having that level of sort of camaraderie and solidarity, I thought I really— I felt like, yeah, I got that scene exactly as I had wanted it. The non-serious answer is there’s There’s a sequence where Kato the mantis shrimp on a hovercraft leaps backwards off a giant jellyfish shooting pterodactyls with a machine gun. And I’m just like, how are my publishers going to let me get away with this ridiculous scene?

[00:53:12.23] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

And somehow it came through the editing process unscathed. And so—

[00:53:16.08] – Noémie

That was a great scene. So I’m happy that I let you do that. Thank you so much.

[00:53:26.00] – John Knych

Good question, Noemi, thank you. Yeah, I just had an idea for these talks, which none of you have to do if you don’t want to, but it’d be nice if at the end of each talk we like share the scene or moment that moved us the most in the book. So you don’t have to do that. I have mine when it gets back to me. But Jen, do you have a question or a final sort of scene you liked? Pass? Back to Josh.

[00:53:55.01] – Josh

The first scene that comes to my head is probably actually from Firewalkers, which is probably, what, 5, 6 years ago now? More than that. There’s a point right at the end where— I think it’s right at the end. Where they kind of finally get up onto the ship and looking around this ship that’s basically been— had everyone on it murdered, sent into space. And just a reflection of the whole story up to that point and the anger that led to that decision from people was quite impactful.

[00:54:41.02] – John Knych

That’s the one that—

[00:54:41.21] – Josh

always sticks in my head. I think it’s probably because it was the first book I read from you.

[00:54:45.14] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Thank you. I like that. Yes, 5 years ago.

[00:54:52.01] – John Knych

Thank you, Josh. Back to Yiding.

[00:54:57.18] – Yiding

Are we still doing questions?

[00:54:59.10] – John Knych

If you have a question or just a moment that you enjoyed in the book.

[00:55:04.07] – Yiding

I do have both. In terms of moments, I liked all the codas, the very last few chapters, each coda for each character or group of characters, they, they really got to me. I got like, I got a bit choked up at some of them. Yeah. Uh, but my question though is, okay, so I love the, the whole concept of the crew of the Dissenter, and that seems to be something that you’ve played around a lot with in recent books. Um, like in the Entire Philosophers, you have the, the mass units of all those healers, and you had the, I think they’re called the Heretics in your, in the most recent book in the series. So is that something that really speaks to you lately, this idea of like this eclectic group of very different people, a bunch of weirdos who have to work together?

[00:55:47.19] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I think it’s just— I don’t think it’s anything profound. I think once you’ve got a group of characters like that, it just means that they are far more interesting because of their differences and because each one of them has their own little peculiarities and it gives you a richer dynamic between them. And it’s just more fun to write, to be honest.

[00:56:11.12] – Yiding

Makes sense.

[00:56:13.16] – John Knych

Thank you, Yiding. My last moment I enjoyed and question I want to ask you, Adrian, I was talking with Brandon a little bit about this before you arrived. I was kind of looking down at Cato throughout the beginning of the book in that he spoke in this jagged poetry. He’s punchy martial guy, and I kind of thought he was a little ridiculous. But a small moment that just deeply moved me was near the end when it was shown that his language— there’s actually these huge epic, like these epics that are expressed in the language between the stormopods, but that the translator just wasn’t able to capture it. I just, I love that moment. I mean, I love translation, and I love that idea that As a reader, I was just like, yeah, this is a military punchy mantis shrimp. But in fact, there’s just a lot more that the translator just couldn’t get. So I like that surprise, and it made me think about, yeah, what’s being unsaid. So yeah, Adrian, I love that there’s just wonder and awe in all your books in sort of what’s possible with creatures, with evolution. But my last question, and this is another left-field question, Like Gustave Flaubert said that he believed he was not living in the right time period.

[00:57:33.16] – John Knych

I think it was Gustave Flaubert. Do you believe that you’re not— do you feel that about this epoch, this time period that like as your identity, do you sometimes yearn for having been born in a different time or no?

[00:57:50.04] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

I mean, I don’t. I am lucky enough to be born in a time of unparalleled scientific advance and knowledge where, you know, shortly before my birth, we went to the moon. We are exploring the depths of the sea. We are understanding things about the cosmos that no one in the past has ever known. You know, we have a grasp of the evolutionary history of life on this planet that just didn’t exist at any other time. My regret is that it looks like it’s going to be too short, and at the point where we’re discovering so much about life on this planet, we’re also destroying so much about life on this planet. And so it feels as though there was, at some point within my own lived history, there was a sort of a golden moment of balance, and now things are tipping the other way. But maybe that’s what everyone thinks when they get to my age.

[00:58:47.15] – John Knych

Maybe, well, we’ll see. Okay, that’s all I have. Anyone have any final questions? I really enjoyed this talk.

[00:58:58.03] – Brandon

No question, but I have to agree with Adrian on living in this time period. It’s a good one. And I love the mantis shrimp too, so thanks again. Thanks again for joining us today.

[00:59:13.10] – John Knych

Thank you, Adrian. And everyone, I’ll post this. It’s recorded, so appreciate everyone being here. Enjoyed the talk, and thank you, Adrian.

[00:59:22.24] – Adrian Tchaikovsky

Excellent. Thank you very much for inviting me.

[00:59:24.18] – John Knych

Everyone have a good day.

[00:59:26.09] – Noémie

Thank you for being here. Have a good day.

[00:59:28.01] – John Knych

Bye.

Alyssa Carson

[00:00:02.300] – John Knych

Hello everyone, today we are with Alyssa Carson to talk about her book Ready for Liftoff so Alyssa, we always start these talks with asking the author about the origin of this book because on pages 70-71..I like that in the book you had little space details, but also recommendations, and your personal stories. So did you write this book all in one go, in response to people asking you how to become an astronaut, or was it a piecemeal research collection process?

[00:00:37.460] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah, I mean, I would definitely say it was more of a long term process just because I mean I think the idea had been there for so long. You know, really, the book came from so many Instagram DMs and anytime I’d go and talk to students, they would ask me questions like: How do I do that? How do I become what you’re doing? You know I always had the mentality of you know you can do exactly everything that I did or nothing that I did it and end up in the exact same position because the space industry is so broad and there’s so much opportunity. And so it’s kind of hard to guide that discussion with every single person. This is what I did about what do you want to do? What are you interested in? And so I think for a while it was just you know maybe having like generals like quick not about you know responding to those Instagram them and it’s like how can I expand on that and then really a lot of this came from there was almost like I guess more of like a book that ended up going up on Amazon.

[00:01:44.030] – Alyssa Carson

And then this was just and much more like that so it’s just gonna have a long time coming of getting the ideas down to the next generation with with their own dreams.

[00:01:56.780] – John Knych

So now when someone has had to become an astronaut. You can just say: it’s in my book.

[00:02:01.790] – Alyssa Carson

That is there or at least obviously have the discussion, but obviously a more in-depth guide is in the book.

[00:02:09.740] – John Knych

So tj who just arrived you done this before it’s the roundtable discussion. So I will go to Alex if you’re there if you want to ask Melissa a question or if not you can pass. It is not there. So moved to Greg. Greg a question for Alyssa or would you have to pass? Can hear you? And that’s the past. OK. Passe PJ again. So don’t worry, I have questions. So I do your questions or I would like to pass.

[00:02:46.970] – TJ

Me, okay?

[00:02:47.720] – John Knych

Yes.

[00:02:49.520] – TJ

I nice to meet you. I was just wondering. What is the most common question you’ve been asked when you do things like this and how is that changed over how many years?

[00:03:00.320] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah, I mean, I think there’s no you just like you know. Obviously curiosities of lake worth it. The dream comes from and how I guess like a kind of progress to what it is which so much. I also don’t even have the answer to you so much of this is even so far past what I had anticipated a lot of it. But I think that. And then general like it’s about going, you know about trying to pursue a dream in the space and the science industry. I think it’s just such a intimidating field or only intimidating. You know from the perspective of young kids and signs are already intimidating in the classroom, and so they think of it as a career than that even more of an intimidating conversation. So I think that I tried to bring as much fun and curiosity, and that levels of the conversation to anything about space because all that is still there and Really important. To not let me be your the thing that kind of her away from space, so.

[00:04:10.130] – John Knych

You also was one of the readers who should initial interest in your book and to talk with you. So thanks for making it. So I know Virginie. Virginie doesn’t have a question Send me a message.

[00:04:21.620] – Virginie Actis

Excuse me. I’m at my work at the university and I know where I have to teach, but I’m very happy to to listen to his work and to thank you so much.

[00:04:34.130] – John Knych

Love actually is related to what you just said Alyssa about maths and science being intimidating for how many people who who want to become an astronaut for all that is one of my favourite part of your book was that you had a very measured and reasonable perspective on the element of luck in being chosen as an astronaut And you even were very honest and saying you struggled with physics and so you put into astrobiology. So my question is what do you? What you see yourself working as as you wait for each application round of being in astronaut. What what kind of profession? Do you Do you dream of doing next to being astronaut?

[00:05:13.910] – Alyssa Carson

Right? So I mean, I think that for me, I got interested in astrobiology originally, because it was a little bit more broad of field. I felt that already was a little challenging and after just felt like I was even more deep into only physics and so I was very very fascinated with the idea of maybe staying within the field that was a lot more conducive to just kind of jumping between the different seasons where they applied the most, and so that’s really where I fell into astrobiology and I really really loved it. I think from a kind of my early years of working and life science research getting involved in I think research became a huge interest of mine, and I mean I guess that speaks through which is why I’m kind of doing a PhD these days. So I guess the research is just full-fledged taking over, but you know I think that it is researcher is such a cool area where you can kind of jump around a little bit. You know, whenever I was doing my undergraduate research. I was like this is cool.

[00:06:19.400] – Alyssa Carson

It’s astrobiology related, but then when I was looking at a PhD program. I was like well, I’m kind of interested in something a little bit different and so I still had you know the other. It’s all within astrobiology research. I had the opportunity to find it from things that were much more focused on the plan to the origins of life, and so even know it’s all within the realm of astrobiology. It’s still was kind of give me that ability to kind of change my mind if my life research interest kind of change, so that I thought was just such a lovely place to be and I thank you, especially as you like your interest kind of change and I think that that is something important, especially with the space industry. It’s so ever evolving. So you must have to have the ability to evolve with it and kind of your interest, as you know it is so yeah. I mean, I think outside of applied and becoming a astronaut. I’m just very happy to be working with in the field of astrobiology, obviously from the academia and the research side.

[00:07:22.600] – Alyssa Carson

Now you know, PhD potentially working for industry will come and see you know. She is very scary place to look at right now, but here there is just saying within the research field or working in the industry, but for the most part staying in research.

[00:07:40.870] – John Knych

Great. Thank you. Yes! Post PhD. Hopefully get it just continue researching right I hope. The I’m a trop hate you a very big question and you can take it over you want so in this reading group. We are the safety and the lots of speculative fiction and something that I have been taking a lot about recently and I think author readers to when if we go to more how well we search for life and in the beginning of your book. I thought you have a very good job of responding to criticism for why we should not go to more and one of your response, which I agree with is that probe and robot, just don’t they can’t look for life in the same way that that human could so could you share for us and especially for people who don’t know about astrobiology If you were to go to share with your current skills and knowledge sept. How would you begin to look for life and more? You know how much it would be geology? How much would it be using the tech?

[00:08:43.740] – John Knych

What’s what’s it like looking for life on Mars for you.

[00:08:48.210] – Alyssa Carson

So I mean and again for a lot of the more robotics, which is more has been in the area of interest for a very very long time. And you know there was the making machine that went to more that had like a small look for life on it. And it’s not very well respected. And you know it really kind of LED to the shift of the mindset of life. OK? Why are we looking for life? First? Let’s understand the planet. Let’s learn about this geology first which I think was a very good shift and why we’ve had so many missions go to Mars and now we have a much. We have climate model. We have so much information. More is now the next most added to earth. So we have so much more information there and I think that the more you have learned about it. I think a lot of the potential for life is also in the past right. We think is used to be a lot more suitable for life. Obviously, today doesn’t really look nearly as Welcoming for any type of life, but I think right now that would be that if there were to be a possibility of life or maybe.

[00:09:59.250] – Alyssa Carson

It’s not on the surface where is exposed to radiation exposed to these things and so this is such a tricky place to get to you and not really a place that we have really explored too much. You know you like the perseverance, Rover has been drilling, but I mean, it is where we are really gonna have to start looking more for any potential for life. And so that’s where it’s really challenging. Whether that you know is able to do more of that or if that’s just maybe we have to wait to go there to do more of like study in the field of astrobiology is also such a push and pull, because there is you know you know how do we search for life on Mars? But then also bring people there as well because the planetary Protection aspects of it right. You know we don’t want to think we found life and more than someone just touch the rock, you know and we bring our own organismes and our own bacteria. There is so it’s definitely challenging. You know. I think that there are some regions of Mars that maybe we have a little bit more potential for life and maybe others.

[00:11:07.390] – Alyssa Carson

So I think those who have been a little bit more. You know I guess Sacred and always have not been there because even the rover and think that we stand and we still think are the planet at least a small small degree of something. You know it’s hard to get it perfectly sterile, you know Rover and all the way it is so I think that those areas of concern are also there. So it’s just gonna be a little bit of yeah. I think the challenge is where you gonna have to go and this for actual study of potential life on Mars.

[00:11:44.110] – John Knych

Thank you. Alyssa. I’m Keep away if anyone has the questions you can just raise your hand or send send a message in the share. This is at the end of your book. You talk about you know like when will the first women walk on the moon. Would you rather be the first woman to walk on the moon or part of the first crew to Mars, and why is interesting.

[00:12:03.640] – Alyssa Carson

I mean, I think from my perspective at this point. I’m just thrilled to be a part of the space industry and any way shape form. I don’t think I’ve really had you know much of a desire to I have to be the first to do you know I think maybe some of the things that I did when I was just kind of you know that many people had the viewpoints of becoming as I think I did because since I had it. And you know if you ask so many of them where you know they were already where they were already seen in their fields. They may be so that they are like that sounds kind of cool. Let me do that they had and When they were, but they didn’t have that you know I’m choosing now at the super young age and I’m just gonna work solely towards that. That was I think a little bit more of a new idea or concept about going about wanting to become an astronaut. And I mean for me a lot of my interest surrounding Mars really just came from when I was a kid.

[00:13:04.140] – Alyssa Carson

You know hearing about the mission to the moon. I was like well, you know the moon is taken. What’s next? You know I felt in my my brain. I thought that was the right. I thought I wanted to grow up and become astronaut. When they are not my only option was to go to Mars. I thought that would be really the next place to go and that that thing would be like to be able to go there. So that’s really where are lots of that came from I mean, I think a lot of research background and areas of my current research is about my hair and potential life on Mars. So I think you know a lot of you know what I do is very connected to and away, but you know I would never turn down the mission to the moon either. So I guess I’m gonna leave it at that.

[00:13:49.920] – John Knych

Thank you. Back to who has the question.

[00:13:56.190] – TJ

Of this. Is very expensive. And I was just wandering why or what’s the most defensive reason in your opinion? Why is over the funding in two things that are time sensitive want it right now.

[00:14:16.740] – Alyssa Carson

You know it’s a great question and I think that you know it’s a question that comes up in the space industry. No matter what you’re talking about whether it’s money for our mission to Mars money for your telescope. Money for you know. It doesn’t matter. What is the mission is right? There is always going to be the conversation of the money that you know maybe a different area here on earth and I think that you know The space industry does do so much and it’s so easy to view this as you know where the money is up there and then were never seen it again, but really NASA does have one of the largest returns of investment from the money that it does spend. And I think that it’s all spend wisely or as wisely as I think it can be. You know there are chosen for you know. Scientifique importance or. Whether it’s you know another mission to Mars another mission to something something to something something to the author and so all you will have all these scientists and researchers that one kind of a little bit of that, but you know I think that the amount of technology and science gained kind of is as important as a lot of this other stuff because you know really we have so much technology because of NASA and the space industry and all that technology comes back here, right?

[00:15:40.380] – Alyssa Carson

It’s not just going on those and never seen again and I think that that is really one of the best benefits about the space industry is that it the most forces us to think outside the box to an issue. It may be an issue that we have for living in space as we have here on earth, but working on it from the space perspectives. Just kind of us to think outside the box and so I think of like a mission to Mars if we’re working on trying to send human tumors and put in the money and in humans. There are so many technology that have to be invented in order to make that happen, you know whether it’s learning how to grow food and more learning how to build it from radiation. You know all those same ideas that we’re using to protect human and and keep them. I’m here. I think a lot of that can be translated by the problem. So you know if we’re figuring out how to grow food and our hopefully that the same thing we should be able to grow food and someone is here on earth and more with agriculture, and so I think that it is kind of play to both sides.

[00:16:36.450] – Alyssa Carson

I don’t think choosing space means I think that it is for the purpose of all that here and kind of expanding our knowledge. I think I know the harder things are the the question of just our general curiosity right so much of maybe deep space, I would say you know it’s so much of just you know we want to know more about light from the big bang and so much of the knowledge. We’re going from like the James Webb space telescope, right a lot of that it’s just like night. Curiosity. Have you know? Are we alone? Where do it All comes from? Where is it all going? And I think it’s kind of some of those. But maybe those who could are you are a little bit more subjective. Obviously that technology of the telescope is still there, but but yeah.

[00:17:23.160] – John Knych

Thank you, Thank you Alyssa. The tiger in the beginning of the book. Also raw ideas about water filter, GPS and insulin pump. We’re all NASA’s inventions which I didn’t know before reading that those came from NASA.

[00:17:39.210] – TJ

Come up in the book.

[00:17:40.710] – John Knych

Non non non non! Non non non non! Because the argument some people say we are what is not giving us right? You know that and this is the cause justified so Alix has a question, but also real quick before we go to another. TJ appreciate this. We had to talk two days ago and it was brought up that human and more on chocolate than all space space travel probes combined and that like the transport bretelle.

[00:18:18.270] – Alyssa Carson

Is actually not that when you when you when you look at it in terms of the government. It’s pretty insane actually how much we are were able to do with the with the body that there is.

[00:18:28.680] – John Knych

What it is interesting. What is watching you would like before you go to the I think and in our minds. We will see that the climate change like next to space travel like those two things are our both intellectual and it’s like why don’t we put the energy into note roasting our planet right. That’s why it’s interesting topic. But I’m babbling. Alex question for you are questions for Alyssa.

[00:19:00.370] – Alex

Thank you for me the link. Alyssa. Thank you for being here. I haven’t read the book yet. It was the last minute thing. I’m gonna make sure you get the book, but I have done my research and I follow you for some time. I think we have some mutual friends with the house as well and maybe a couple of their places out. There has a person myself pursuing astronaut Tennessee with the us military. I know that this whole trip here Tomorrow is our moon. We’re gonna be working at the team one of the things that I look for in special operations are People not things most of the time for the trip to more. What type of personality? Are you looking for in your teammate that you would like to take one thing. You will want to give your teammate is for his personality and director of yourself that you can bring to the team. And what things are you looking for is well?

[00:19:58.090] – Alyssa Carson

Interesting and I mean I think for right now the concept of the right cause we’re not there yet. And and in setting up that mission entirely. But I think that you know it’s going to be are going to need to be a diverse team right. You’re going to need a few people with military background background and you’re gonna need you people like we would have much more science background for the amount of time that you’re one more likely someone maybe with the medical background for you know it’s so far away from earth and such a long terme. Longer than a lot of the other ones that we have so really just such as I think diverse groups. There are some of the most important factors is one really being able to work as a team and obviously by the team environment and I think it’s so important to be able to step up and you have your role and what you’re in charge of. And also the ability to kind of let go from things that other people are in charge of. I think it’s really important at that point, you know you have experts in so many different fields and so being able to rely on your teammates for those things I think it’s really important skillset, you know being able to be like you know so and so that’s their job, they are in charge of it and I’m putting my life in their hands for.

[00:21:19.360] – Alyssa Carson

For whatever that they are in charge of. So I think it’s just really trying to be the best version of yourself to contribute to the team. And I think that that’s what I would hope everyone on the team would be doing is that they’re really trying to show up by the best of themselves to put in there are part of the work and then we can kind of light, come together and be something that super successful and I think that you know it’s so many things and in the space industry. I mean somebody that we’ve seen previously, you know you, they were heavily on each other and so you know somebody that are always saying. You know it’s just exactly like a little family that you start building, you know the extreme environment and how much you have to have in each other. So yeah. I think just trustworthy hard-working people. This is the core of it.

[00:22:09.040] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you.

[00:22:10.240] – Alex

Thank you. Thank you John.

[00:22:13.090] – John Knych

The. This question is relevant for how you since he pursuing being in astronaut. You would also that in as you put your dream you and many closed doors for you. So you feel everyone in it wasn’t read the book. So also want to be in astronaut since he was six years old and is going to take over a thousand hours of flight to have you have done a lot of work to prepare yourself which has been the most frustrating closed door that you’ve encountered in your path to being astronaut where you had been the most difficult to bounce back.

[00:22:49.960] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah, you know I think that one thing that I think is challenging. I think a lot of people you know I’ve had it all figured out since I was seven, but you know I think along the way it’s been very challenging to really kind of figure out exactly what I’m doing and how to get there. You know. I think that’s so much of my journey. Seems you know very like in a way, but really it’s just been having the kind of bounce and kind of go with the flow as things have come up. You know I think that might have been evolving. I really didn’t know exactly what I wanted to do For a long time and I think that was also very challenging and a little scary going into knowledge to begin with. I felt like I was really choosing astrobiology. I knew that that was an area of interest, but you know I still really don’t know what it looks like and you know spending so much time in academia. You are most of what you know a professional endeavour will eventually be like and so sometimes I think that that’s really hard to achieve your mindset back and forth between you know what it’s all leading up to you and what it really looks like so I think that it’s been one of the most challenging things you know, I think that there is such a balance to it all of you know, Obviously working for your dreams and you’re also having that normal life and those being a bit of the balance.

[00:24:18.760] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah. I think you know when I was. I think I had. You know what I wanted originally is like where I wanted to go to college and things like that. And so many of those shifted And you know whether that was like a fool flame in the door or it like the door slamming closed or just you know. But it was just kind of it now, let me know what I was going to do even recently I guess with starting a PhD program. You know I didn’t have the idea of person with her PhD at this time. And I don’t even know how I think that so much of this just comes from not really having a good understanding of you know what your options are, but I had no idea that I could go straight from my underground and start of PhD programs and so I started applying master’s programs. And then you know I was starting to hear back from like you know. We’re not gonna take you just are here and it’s not worth our time. And so you know it was just kind of a child of light Weight Do what am I doing case?

[00:25:21.340] – Alyssa Carson

My my plan that I had is all kind of falling apart. You know it’s not exactly what I was thinking was just the straight and easy and so yeah. I think there’s just really, you know. I think this is really are just maybe what I had in my head is kind of shifting and just been able to write and figure out. Okay? Let’s take a step back what I want to do what makes the most sense and then kind of go from there. So I think that it’s been just part of life. Honestly. I don’t think it’s really just for you. No one thing to be coming out of my dreams. Specifically. I think that just kind of part of life and being able to kind of move it with some of those changes.

[00:26:03.460] – John Knych

Thank you. Yes! And for those who have it read the book another thing I like in the book was that you and I never seen this before you learn how exactly what the requirements are by NASA for even applying and when I know that you need the master of PhD in the STEM related field, I need a thousand hours of flight time. I think and you need to pass the physical tests, so that was that was interesting. Here’s a much lighter. Question. So in the book you write that nothing is as comfortable as a good meal and that astronauts are allowed to have one comfort meal that like they bring to space with them. What is your comfort meal that you would bring if you were going to more and. And you?

[00:26:46.720] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah yeah it’s okay. Well, it’s hard time that you get to what they want right. So they get the pitch. Maybe I feel good idea that they really like and then it’s up to the smart people to bring this with the space right. There is there are few things that are just kind of how you are able to figure out.

[00:27:09.340] – John Knych

The right bread is a no-no because of the crown and the.

[00:27:11.980] – Alyssa Carson

Right exactly what it’s like I really big one, so they used tortilla. So I mean there’s there’s compromised there, but you so there’s a lot of time where I will kind of fish and idea I know Samantha Cristoforetti en italien astronaut. She went to the International Space Station and she was like I need espresso. She is she was very having her and so they started figuring out how to make an espresso machine work and microgravity and so it’s kind of like these little fun. I guess projects that they work for some of those things, but yeah, I mean I think comfort food wise, I mean, I obviously would love to have some of my Louisiana root up. There is possible. You know whether that’s a gumbo or something like that would be awesome to have in space. I think I like in general, so I wouldn’t really mind anything like that, but I think any of like Louisiana food, whatever would be the easy. I would be open, I would be open. So you know if I can’t go to how can we do like a jambalaya?

[00:28:15.940] – Alyssa Carson

Can we do like something that that kind of was, I think that is very very home and not living in Louisiana for so many years now I mean, I still every single time. I’m like I gotta go get my my few things that I’m I’m so used to having so I think I would be no different in space.

[00:28:36.370] – John Knych

So I won’t be standing on the gantry about to enter the rocketship, you’ll be there and they go now. I’m done. I’m I’m leaving.

[00:28:44.680] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah yeah yeah yeah. I’m gonna make sure it.

[00:28:50.590] – John Knych

So back to top of a more of heavy. And I have questions about like so you’re getting your PhD. So is tj tj in the difficult process of of earning, Ph. D. And you wrote that be coming in astronauts and I’m getting the master of PhD in the field is its resource intensive. It’s it’s time intensive and you wrote that resources by means of foundation’s scholarship and grants are available to recommendations for those who want to research at the Martian relevant project because full disclosure, I’m I’m starting to research how to create a new reactors that could be used on Mars because we have crusty Nessa made crusty in two thousand eighteen, but it only made a kW of power. We need a lot more energy to do anything and more. So I think that’s a field that needs to be explored to do that have there be something on Mars to know of any of our scholarships that people can apply to if there interested in being an astronaut or doing the world in project.

[00:29:57.860] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah, You know I think I think that it’s so specific to what you’re working on. I think that you know for me and my field I have worked with NASA astrobiology division looking for any opportunity. There will be applied to grant a few times. The NASA It is really really cool opportunity to you. It’s a very long pitch of your your whole ideas and then they select several of those projects every year. So I know that that’s really good resources. Yeah. I think it’s really just keeping an open if you are familiar with the roses roses essentially where they put it kind of all of their potential and they kind of divide it out depending on so you know for most of my stuff. It’s a lot of Planetary. Protection habitable world kind of looking more specifically and like those. So yeah. You know money is coming go. I think I’ll go with with funding and it’s like resources, especially from our research side. Cause it just gonna do you know what they think is kind of the most important thing to be had, but it’s really For those things and I think generally like whenever you know you’re like an interested in space.

[00:31:26.330] – Alyssa Carson

I mean for me growing up. I was always kind of looking for any sort of scholarship where things you know when I first and learning to fly. You know here in about the night in which was like the women’s organization, and it seems you know the scholarships that they offered and so I think it’s you know. There’s so many I guess like new scholarships. So I think you know whatever your topic is especially for young as well, you know and in high school and things like that there’s a lot of those like words that you can really kind of start looking for and getting funding for so yeah. I mean that would just be my advice is just trying to get specific to your topic because then you more align with what they are looking for right, if you know. You know specifically for you know from the NASA astrobiology, then I would have a better than just applying to a more like Usually just try to keep it as possible and then especially with the research, you know crafting this when there’s not being able to get crafting.

[00:32:30.260] – Alyssa Carson

Maybe when there isn’t as much.

[00:32:33.470] – John Knych

Thank you. In the beginning of this conversation Alyssa, you mentioned how with your field of research Astrobiology you’re preparing for being able to identify what is life and more but another field that I’m curiosity, you know if you are researching microbes meaning I read a book called becoming more. I recommend it to all of you to be scared. Salomon just came out and take a month ago and I really looked at the challenges of going to Mars and living there and one of them where there’s a lot of mystery these microbes like the microbes in the ass. It’s like the equivalent of someone who is in that there is all you know you have a lot of people living in the small spaces. You have microbes, But you knew it was very interesting. One hundred thirty three that some other bacteria is over three times more high-school and space and astronaut that have had virus and they go into space. There there reactivated. So what do you think we should do for research? Going forward to understand microbe, and what is just your general knowledge and where we are now in.

[00:33:37.850] – John Knych

In microbe.

[00:33:40.640] – Alyssa Carson

All my research is entirely own microorganisms and environment. So yeah. It’s now more specifically. I guess I guess first from just the general microorganisms and their ability is so obviously, I think if we’re looking at any life on Mars microorganisms are much more likely actually looking at potential life in our solar system because we have other areas of interest as well beside, you know we are also very curious about titan, which is the moon of Saturn were very curious about Europa and some of those moon of Jupiter and that’s all just in relation to the potential of microorganisms growing and in those environment, and that’s just because they really can adapt very easy and so what I’m kind of something specifically in relation to its in connection to methane production because essentially some of the rover that we’ve had on mare have detected trace amounts of nothing, but in terms of our satellites. There is no methane in greater atmosphere, which makes sense causes from our knowledge. We think that if there was. So it’s very hot to find something, especially in the surface.

[00:34:57.590] – Alyssa Carson

So I really big ideas that something there must be some sources generating that since it should not be there any longer in terms of this kind of timeline, and so we’re thinking, there’s something generating it subsurface and then it’s been excreted. Maybe as the rover drove over it kind of shift and is. Coming out and so obviously, there is multiple possibilities. There is there are geological process that can generate methane and then I’m just taking it from the perspective of the potential of and there were to have been microorganisms there generating is that even possible and so I worked with which are really common on earth. There are one of our products here and there is purely anaerobic. So they don’t grow and oxygen subsurface here on earth or in the ocean is well and so we put those in the environment to see you know can the pressure can they how do they react with materials and minerals so that kind of where my area of research comes in, but the idea of also the human perspective of it. You know. It’s a really big topic, right now, you know I go to the astrobiology conference and there every other year in two years ago.

[00:36:18.780] – Alyssa Carson

There was a really fascinating experiment that I’ve been doing up on the International Space Station and to really have a good idea of how resilience? Maybe some of these are and they actually had. And when he went on the space walk to like the outside of his glove, which is exposed to the vacuum of space and start getting like that information is still coming out. You know things are still kind of being grown and up and so I think it’s definitely just keep in mind and I think that the International Space Station has been such a great tool to be able to test things in micro microgravity environments that kind of getting a little bit more knowledge on them. And I think maybe you not going back to the moon and more of those conversations are coming up even more with the idea of a kind of Planetary protection in the field has kind Grown and years, so I think. Yeah. I think there’s a lot more research to be done there and we’ll see where it goes fascinating.

[00:37:20.840] – John Knych

Yes, I knew that the microbe adapt, but they also evolve in in this book I read I mean they have found microbe on the ice that are like I’ve never encountered them before. So they will see if our body can can handle them. But I mean human body is very adaptable to so that’s kind of the beginning possum training possum training. Can you talk about that? And the most difficult part of that it is I think in the book that it was, it was here.

[00:37:55.700] – Alyssa Carson

So now today, I think I wish I now there are there will be more official they got accredited and stuff through the university that I’ve been working under but when I first found out about them. They were called possum. And there are many areas of focus and the beginning was a lot of rounds like and clouds, which was like a type of clouds that really only form and like very northern like the northern hemisphere. And so there’s a lot of research that they were doing there and I actually found out about them. It was so strange. I went to a campe over the summer. And you know the counselor at the time. She was just the college students and riddles and I started riddles and I was just about my interest in space. And my you know you know more interesting and kind of the inside and she was like well, you know, there’s this program at my university. I have no idea what they do or anything about them, but maybe reach out to them. And so I got in contact with them and learn more about what they were doing.

[00:39:02.340] – Alyssa Carson

And you just turn it is such an amazing opportunity, amazing people. They are really taking the idea of citizen science and expanding it so much obviously. Now they have so many awesome classes and programs where they are they teach, but also be able to be involved in some of the citizen science research. So what have been able to do microgravity flights and I’ve been able to do work with the final frontier space design. You know we’ve done underwater simulation. We’ve done so many different things. And I think you know working with them and have been involved in some of these things. I think again really just showed me. How cool some of this stuff can be and it was all for you know the scientific purpose right there were all for like research purposes and so I think that that was kind of some of those things that really have like this is cool that we can just kind of go do this really fun thing and then like actually be learning something about it or even like with the final frontier. You know it’s cool that we can kind of Turn on and where the space out and then actually provide variable data back to the space of company.

[00:40:13.400] – Alyssa Carson

So I think they were only one of the ones that really I think inspired a lot of this research knowledge, but there’s just in some organisations.

[00:40:22.970] – John Knych

Thank you back to TJ who seize years in.

[00:40:29.390] – TJ

Jumping back to previous questions are there any particular concern ou traite concerning antibiotic resistance or maybe exciting research where you have you want your passionate about how things are always be back to us with the space industry? What is going on with any research in that area and maybe what it could do for help helping fight problems here as well.

[00:41:02.180] – Alyssa Carson

You know I think that it’s been a really fascinating Affecting the human body and how the effects of the body that they did was the twins study with the with the Scott Kelly, the twins, they were two brothers and they’re both astronaut and then one lived on the International Space Station for each year and the other one day on earth for years and there’s a lot of research from coming from that you know random things like you know how the space affecting our eyes and how the space affecting this and that. And so I think that that that’s really when I think a big part and almost any astronaut honestly that’s from space. I mean there’s such intensive, you know prix medical and then post medical things from you know just the effects of going into space and coming back and so yeah. I think you know a little bit of knowledge of it. You know I guess I just know more of like the headlines there. But you know I do think that it is definitely in the field and again if you know talking.

[00:42:11.040] – Alyssa Carson

To the moon is coming to play, even more right because the time you’re in space. The more, the more of what ever is happening, right? You know you’re you’re getting You’re getting from just to microgravity for the lungs and even something like a man has gravity which is great, but it is not as much gravity here and if you’re still gonna have those things to your body and so I think of those who are kind of those that we need to have some sort of human tumor. And yeah, I mean, I guess that’s really why it’s like working out. It’s like when there is part of their day on the International Space Station. It’s just try to keep the body as like that is possible. And then I guess in terms of you know from the Microbiologie. I think that you think about it has always been a little bit of a concern as well, you know I’m going back to when we first, I went to the moon. We’re like and after they came back from the moon and put it in life trailer.

[00:43:18.720] – Alyssa Carson

They had like the moon. So I think that it’s always been a topic. That’s been relieving. Even if you know it’s not what you know. It’s always been kind of at the front of this mission.

[00:43:34.140] – John Knych

You DJ think you are back to house.

[00:43:41.100] – Alex

Yes, Alyssa, must be the one that you’re my head are all personality questions or more sometimes oriented type questions versus the technical I’ve been doing this for a very long time since six years old. Mais didn’t know what then it probably are used to it now. Over the years doing this for so long. It’s like driving a car you know you have you don’t have to think about it. You just do it. But with the types of training that you do all of the different skills takes it. You have to stack and maintain for when it does come time for you. I can see your selection board and so on and so forth worth keeps you going every single day with something that makes you excited every single morning to wake up and do this type of work it gets. Alyssa Carson. Excited is at the drink a cup of coffee. Do it with the special sauce. What’s the special sauce that you use or it is there is a special sauce with this something that intuitively Orly with you or something.

[00:44:47.640] – Alex

I have developed. What is it?

[00:44:49.290] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah, you know, I think there’s multiples directions. There I mean when I think one thing that is being motivating me out the years. I mean, I think I’ve just kind of always had this and that like For space anything space instantly much more how much more interested in the conversation and learning about it. You know I would have topics in school and I was like you know. This is it cool, I guess, but then you know learning about it from the space space perspectives and space that was like what this is so much more interesting. So I feel like I’ve always been a little bit more space topics which I think he’s kind of laid really helps. You know a lot of my there is far as like I guess just like motivation, especially in like learning new skills and things like that I think you know growing up. I was always trying different things right. Cause I didn’t know what I wanted to do you know that I want to be. What did I want to do that I want to study robotics?

[00:45:46.470] – Alyssa Carson

I want to be an engineer. I had no idea right. There was so so many possibilities and so I feel like I can do it myself or you know I was interested in trying some a little bit of these different fields. And you know I started doing that I think what I started to appreciate even more than this is how much I was learning about myself and I think you know when I started to learn to fly. I think that was a great example of you know, you know I went to my first flight listening and I had it and I said well this just for me. I’m not going to do it and then my dad me to go and one more time to really make sure. He’s like if you don’t like it again, then like you don’t need to do it. You know if you don’t have to become it. No one is like making you do that. And so I went again and then I came back and I was like this was the coolest thing ever. And so I think a lot of the time.

[00:46:36.300] – Alyssa Carson

I’ve been put in these situations where I have almost pushed myself. And then now I’m so grateful for the opportunity, you know and whether you know I’m not necessarily being professionally these days. But you know I feel like I learned so many skills and so much about myself through the process that I think I appreciate so much and I think that that’s just kind of made me. Well, let’s try something else. You know how can I kind of push myself? And what? What can I learn about myself and these new skills? So you think you know some of those initial opportunity may have been difficult to jump into. But I think it might take away. I’m like well that was really amazing. I should try something else like that just cause I feel like it’s just growing as a person.

[00:47:18.750] – Alex

And I had something that that was really awesome response. There are just something to add to that question was the negativity going around the world. I try not to pay attention to those things I do is trying to focus on the mission and be good to the people that around me. What it looks like we have here in your background. I’m pretty sure you try to do this. Not only you doing all the training all the time. So that keep you focus with the people that you surround yourself. Those are great people as well. Do you have to have a filter the psychology of priming that you don’t like people go to a Starbuck the study right here they go to the library and study the used the psychology of prime is you How how is your environment to you to stay focused on everything you’re doing.

[00:47:59.170] – Alyssa Carson

It for sure. I mean, I think that I’m only have a lot of those personality like if you know my house is probably at that time like where you know you kind of like melt into your environment and away and so I think that that all that is it just is important that you know I think for me. And you think it’s always been important that kind of surround yourself with people that support you, and I think that’s been super big. I always try to encourage students to have some some person supporting you, you know whether it’s a pair of friends. However, it is going up. My dad was so supportive of all of my space, you know endeavour, and I was so lucky to have that because you know if he was constantly bin like now, we’re not gonna go to this thing than you know that would have been very kind of keep, you know without being dragged down and so yeah. I think to myself what people that kind of support of my interest in my fascination, and you know it’s been also interesting just getting into the community of it.

[00:49:05.490] – Alyssa Carson

All is well. You know I think that the space industry is such a community. The astrobiology field is such a community going from Louisiana, where space was like not a very common area of interest, and then when I went to underground moving to Florida, and you know living on the space coast and seeing rocket launch every other weekend and you know what kind of surrounding your environment that is uplifting to your goals. I think I’ll make it really big difference. So I think you know whether it’s been intentional or not, it’s been definitely a part of that and and in my dreams from from that from the background.

[00:49:45.090] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you Alyssa. But I’m not sure if you’re there. But also you can answer this. Are you the space enthusiast as well because breeding clearly always supportive of Alyssa and her path and I think you were even a little surprised that at such a young age. Alyssa Showed this this passion for space where you have you always been interested in the Apollo mission and all of that or have you kind of learned that as also has learned that.

[00:50:14.790] – Bert Carson

I mean when I was a kid. Obviously, you know we were going to the moon and you know the moon landing and that kind thing and I was very interested in all that I actually have a lot of old space items, whatever that I’ve kind of mixed in with with Alyssa stuff. Why I didn’t do it? I don’t know and especially since I I went into the video world. I could have just as easily went to work for this video. So I guess it was there is a young kid. But I guess the last you know and then yes, I have learned a lot more about spaces and everything through here. I see all the time like I did I didn’t push you into this is pulled me in. But she three four years old can me asking about more. I’m like sure you can do that you are becoming astronaut and honestly I want to be a princess and two weeks later by the frog, and you know whatever I never thought she would stay focused and you know and and and because of that that’s where she is.

[00:51:23.020] – Bert Carson

That’s why she is where she is at today is because of the hard work that he’s put in every day to go after this dream wonderful.

[00:51:32.350] – John Knych

Thank you. So I promised. Alyssa. One hour. So I have one more questions to wrap it up. But I was gonna say I was the reader who just pop in and then left I think he is at work. So if anyone has one more questions, you can ask it but it’s kind of a specific question, but I want to make sure it up with you, so I’m also interested in in a growing plant in space and I believe that there’s a dirt of knowledge about this. I tried to look on the Amazon Google Ads and they really want that many books about growing plants and in space that are really that I think are our extensive who wrote on page forty seven that you grew plan at the Florida Institute of technology in the box would have you learn about growing plants and space and where you keep researching it. Where? Where do you think The field is at you?

[00:52:24.000] – Alyssa Carson

So the lab that I worked in Florida tech was all about plants and growing them. My like contribution to the project were a little bit more from the microorganisms Scythe, just because we were working with plants growth. Promoting bacteria. So that you had to the plant to basically help them grow better and we were trying to understand a little bit about them and to those with the plant in the space. I can’t help them grow better. You know if you’re using that is food supplies. You know you are wanting to get the most yield possible, but our lab are we had somebody amazing people that we’re gonna have so many different projects, but the guy in charge of the lab worked with light and light growing is definitely find some of the information about it, but he. HAS like a collaboration with to be like ketchup on Mars. It was kind of like a cookie thing, but he was trying to grow plants using like different and stuff. So I think also has been there. You know I think we’ve got a lot of one of the hardest part as you know, we don’t have a single sample from Mars and so all of the ideas surrounding.

[00:53:42.360] – Alyssa Carson

You know growing growing plants. There is a little right. You know we have the regulate. We have you know the Knowledge that we’ve gained from some of the missions, but we don’t have a single sample directly from Mars, right? And so it’s something that can be challenging when you’re doing some of these studies. But you know I think that it’s never going fields. You know I was very happy to come to contribute to some of the staff and the lab, especially from you know my my microbiology side. Yeah, I think today. Maybe I don’t keep up with it as much. And when I was switching to you. I was kind of at the moment very excited to leave the plan behind. I was in the interested and I get a little bit of a shift just like research and I felt like and here so much about that I was so ready to go to shift Gears, but but yeah. I think that you know it’s something that we’re continuing to say I think hydroponic are just getting better and better.

[00:54:38.530] – Alyssa Carson

I mean people can have you know full-fledged gardens like in the house now? So easily with those systems. So I think it’s just getting.

[00:54:49.600] – John Knych

Great Yes we had Kim Stanley Robinson in the previous talk and he got a book called read more and he said you are there is there is it’s like poison in the soil and more, and you know we have to watch the poison out. Or, or or gros plan. Just not even in soil it all might be interested to see if we have we overcome that all right. Does anyone have any other and other questions? This is really. I know I only have one more, but I mean mentioned in the interview that optimistic projection for human tumor. Ten years of this, the political will find it. Do is that you’re to believe you have human on Mars in ten years or are you just can’t open to? Be out because you are very much involved in the community.

[00:55:40.300] – Alyssa Carson

Yeah yeah. You know I think I think it’s you know. I think we have to have optimism in space. I think it’s hard to go to work towards. A large mission without optimism. You know some of these things are so difficult and sometimes it’s hard. You just want to have to like something. I think that honestly my personal opinion with the mission to Mars. I think one of our great and keep in us. I think we still have some about logistics of this, and I think the big thing is back at the moment is time. I think that with the current technology mission of you. Now is taking six months to get you more staying on more for the month of time. And I want to come back. I think it’s too much too long, especially in comparison to what type we currently have the ability of doing and what we are currently looking at doing with the moon and things like that, so I think that’s the biggest kind of issue. I know that you know I have been working a lot When you get that time line from Earth, tomorrow is from the six weeks, which I think would be a huge victory in terms of like a mission to Mars.

[00:56:55.000] – Alyssa Carson

So you know I’m not quite as much from the engineering side. So I don’t know how challenging a lot of that stuff is how long it’s gonna take for that technology to be at that point. But I know it’s been a thought for a while and so I think for me. That’s it. That’s my hope is the time line can be a little bit more. I guess realistic to what we’re used to doing. Then I think it becomes a lot more possible and again that kind of has its optimism. Where we’re gonna be able to figure that technology out and and make that possible. But you know, I don’t think that that kind of from my perspective would be one of our mission possible. So we’ll see. I mean, I think that the everything going on right now with us and getting to the back to the moon is like a great first step, I know that you know what In conversations in the idea of presence to the degree on the moon. You know twenty twenty nine. So what it means that may be able to add in addition to.

[00:58:00.580] – John Knych

Thank you and I think Jared Eizykman said nuclear propulsion might be aware that will will do that she said she had one last final quick question so that her.

[00:58:11.050] – TJ

Other than you think of course. If there’s one book that you are recommended for everyone to read contexte, you know what would you and.

[00:58:19.930] – Alyssa Carson

That’s interesting. Well, I don’t know I actually would say what’s going on my mind more. Recently is hail Mary with like the movie coming out, so that has just kind of naturally bin on my mind a little bit more. So yeah. That’s really my first thought I know that also same author It’s very very very popular and very well respected her very good things. So yeah. I mean those are kind of mainly the ones and my mind so would be my recommendations.

[00:58:54.550] – TJ

And that reminds me of plants in space book of the motion, so that the only one I can think. Thank you.

[00:59:04.120] – John Knych

Thank you so much, Alyssa. Really enjoyed this conversation it recorded so our readers can can watch it out their own time. Best of luck in your life and career and and for those of you who have got the book. I just saw on the chat that I said he just go to an Amazon Word to read and and inspiring two. I mean you after I read it. I want it to become an astronaut. So I think that’s the kind of that the goal to inspire. So thank you.

[00:59:33.070] – Alyssa Carson

Thank you so much for reading and and for having me to talk about it.

[00:59:37.570] – John Knych

Great. Have a good day everyone. Bye bye.

[00:59:40.120] – Alyssa Carson

Bye.

Debbie Urbanski

John Knych:


Hello. Today we’re here with Debbie Urbanski to talk about her book After World. Debbie, the first thing I’d like to ask you about is the origin of the story, but also the path to publication, because it’s an extremely unique book. The way I described it to my wife was that it’s an “anti-apocalypse” book—you undo all the usual post-apocalyptic tropes. Can you talk about both the origin and the path to publication?

Debbie Urbanski:
Sure. That’s actually a perfect description—that’s exactly what I was trying to do.

As for the origin: I’ve been a big fan of post-apocalyptic stories my whole life. I read them on my own, and later, when I had a son, we spent a lot of time reading apocalyptic series together. So I love the genre—but I also started to feel like it was almost too enjoyable. I felt guilty for enjoying something that, in reality, should be deeply uncomfortable—full of suffering.

Also, these stories are usually heroic and focused on survival. I didn’t think that would be my experience in a real post-apocalyptic situation—I don’t have those skills. So I became interested in exploring that gap.

At the same time, I was reading a lot about climate change—especially extinction. I love reading nonfiction to inform my work. In the mid-2010s, there were several great books about the sixth extinction. In one of them, a scientist calmly mentioned that humans, like all species, will eventually go extinct. I hadn’t really thought about that before.

That idea—that calm acceptance—felt like a fascinating premise, and something I hadn’t seen much in post-apocalyptic fiction, which usually focuses on survival.

That’s where the book began.

Later, AI came into the project. Originally, the book was even more fragmented—I wanted it to be difficult to read, to mirror the emotional experience of that world.

My first agent felt it would be hard to publish, especially as a debut. She suggested making it more accessible, including adding a narrator. Around 2019, when discussions of AI were growing, we thought that could work. I also wanted humans to be extinct from the start, so I needed a non-human narrator—and AI became the perfect choice.

John Knych:
It sounds like it went through a lot of iterations.

Debbie Urbanski:
Yes, absolutely.

The publication process took longer than usual because the book was unconventional. I revised it extensively with my first agent, who later left to become a child psychologist—which I was happy about for her, but it was a difficult transition for me.

I found another great agent, revised again, and she sold the book to Tim O’Neill, who specializes in literary science fiction—a great fit. But then he left his publisher. I was reassigned to a new editor, who wanted more revisions—and in that version, we actually removed the AI.

Eventually, I revised it again for my current editor at Simon & Schuster. Overall, it took several years and many deep revisions.

John Knych:
And originally, there wasn’t a narrator at all?

Debbie Urbanski:
No—originally it was structured as “found documents.” It was all primary source material, as if someone—or something—had discovered a box of documents out of order and had to piece them together.

That “someone” might not even be human, since humans are gone. It was intentionally fragmented. It would have been a difficult read—but I love books like that, where readers actively assemble meaning.

Jen:
Thanks for being here—I really enjoyed the book, especially the nonlinear narrative.

Most post-apocalyptic fiction focuses on survival or rebuilding. Why were you so interested in a world that continues without humanity?

Debbie Urbanski:
Great question.

Beyond post-apocalyptic fiction, I’m very interested in non-human narratives—not just AI, but other species. Right now, for example, I’m working on writing from the perspective of insects.

With After World, I wanted to imagine what a world would look like if humans weren’t at the center. What would a city look like from the perspective of ants? Would the world be better off without us—and for which species?

That led me to bigger questions: What should we prioritize when thinking about climate change? What should we try to save?

John Knych:
One of my favorite parts was the list of climate change actions—the chaotic, ironic mix of efforts like marching in protests, saving polar bears, consuming protein powder, etc.

Was that a reflection of your own experience—this overwhelming confusion about what we’re supposed to do?

Debbie Urbanski:
Yes—that section was very personal.

It actually started as a short story around 2017. I was trying to map a path from where we are now to human extinction—what steps might lead us there.

At the time, there were political decisions opening protected land to drilling, and I felt frustrated by the limits of individual action. Things like hanging laundry outside or making yogurt to avoid plastic felt almost ironic—because the problem is no longer individual.

We still want to feel like we can do something—but the scale of the issue is much bigger.

That emotional space—frustration mixed with irony—became central to the book.

Jen:
How did you actually write the book out of order?

Debbie Urbanski:
I started as a poet, then wrote short stories for many years before attempting a novel—so my process wasn’t very structured.

It was messy, and it took about eight years.

I wrote scenes that interested me—like classic post-apocalyptic moments (for example, the final trip to the grocery store). Those were fun because I had imagined them for years.

I also did a lot of research—on birds, trees, and ecosystems—to accurately depict the natural world. That helped me shift into a non-human perspective.

I used Scrivener to organize everything, which made it easy to rearrange sections.

Writing my first novel felt like stumbling blindly in a dark room for years.

John Knych: Thank you, Jen. Thank you, Debbie. To continue on the subject of process, in the acknowledgments you thank GPT-4 for conversation and inspiration. Can you share with us exactly how you used it in that messy process?

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah. That came later. At the time, access to GPT and all the different variations wasn’t public. You had to apply. They were giving access to writers and artists because they wanted people to experiment. So when I added AI, I still didn’t have access to any of that. I think I finally got access in 2021.

Debbie Urbanski: So it was during the final revisions that I really got to interact with it. And those early conversations were really lovely. In some ways it felt more applicable to the book than ChatGPT does now, because GPT was really struggling to be human, or trying to figure out how to sound human. It really felt like I was speaking with an alien, or at least something very non-human. Now it’s much closer.

Debbie Urbanski: I got to interview it and ask it about its dreams—while realizing, of course, that I was talking to a large language model. But I think it helped me imagine what it would be like to be this entity trying to emulate a human voice. It was a kind of role-playing.

Debbie Urbanski: And there is one section I include that was written by—

John Knych: ChatGPT? The Evo version?

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, yeah. And this was before the current climate around it. Now writers are strongly discouraged, almost forbidden, from including large-language-model writing, because there’s so much controversy about training data and the lawsuits and everything that’s come to light.

Debbie Urbanski: Back then, that really hadn’t come to light yet, and people were more open to experimentation. So who knows whether I would have included that if the book were coming out now.

John Knych: The world’s moving fast.

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, for sure.

John Knych: Thank you, Debbie. Back to Jen.

Jen: At the end, I felt like the book was both sad and hopeful. How do you see it? Do you see it as hopeful, tragic, or maybe something else completely?

Debbie Urbanski: I like hopeful. I’m glad that came through. For me, it’s reassuring to think that the world will be okay and continue on, even if we’re not here. So yes, from a human perspective there’s a lot of tragedy and loss, but it depends on whose perspective you take.

Debbie Urbanski: From the Earth’s perspective, we’re such a small part of the world, and the world is probably better off without us in a lot of ways. I think the narrator’s idea of love is pretty complicated, but there is some form of love at the end too. Whether or not it’s what Son wanted is debatable, but someone is in love in the end.

John Knych: Yeah. Thank you, Jen. Thank you, Debbie. That actually segues nicely into the question I was just about to ask. You just said the narrator’s idea of love is complicated. Near the end, on page 245, Son says, ‘If I had a body, I would take your suffering, your current, future, and past suffering, and I would store your suffering in the cavity of my chest, close to my beating heart, if I had a heart.’ You might not want to answer this or you may want to keep it mysterious, but why does the AI fall in love with Son?

Debbie Urbanski: I’ll answer with what I think. It’s not the only answer out there. Partly, I imagine the AI being trained on 20th- and 21st-century novels, and in those novels romantic love—or love more generally—is such a strong part of human storytelling.

Debbie Urbanski: But also, from my own experience, the more you study something, the more you grow to love and appreciate it. Familiarity is a pretty powerful form of love. During the pandemic, for instance, I started taking macro photos with my phone of insects and plants. I started learning the names of things.

Debbie Urbanski: And it was like, wow—when you look closely at a dandelion or an ant, you realize these are things we would normally just pull up or ignore. I wasn’t necessarily kind to ants before. But dandelions are gorgeous, and ants are their own entities, for sure. When you really look, you begin to care.

Debbie Urbanski: So that’s what I was thinking about. As the narrator studies Son and gets to know her more, that knowing becomes a pathway to love—or at least to the narrator’s version of love.

John Knych: Thank you. Back to Jen, if you want to pass it back.

Jen: I have one more question. When I was looking into the book, I came across an Instagram account with the name Senanon. Was that something you did, or was it a fan of the book?

Debbie Urbanski: That was me.

Jen: Was that a way of exploring her experience, or how did that come about?

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, I’m glad you found that. I enjoy taking photographs, and I do a lot of hiking in the area where Sen’s cabin would be, south of Syracuse. So I started doing a photography project where I wouldn’t allow myself to take pictures of anything human—no people, no human-made focus if I could help it. I could photograph anything else.

Debbie Urbanski: Sometimes I did it while traveling, but mostly it was in that forest, just trying to imagine how she saw the world, what things would look like to her. For me it ended up being really effective to scroll through a couple hundred images and think: this is the world she was in.

Debbie Urbanski: I tried seeking out abandoned buildings and overgrown streets. I played around with AI a little bit too. It varied, but the narrator and Emily also have Instagram accounts with just a couple of pictures on them.

Jen: Okay, I didn’t find those, but I really did sense that. That was great.

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, yeah. I still do it on occasion. It was a neat way to get to know a character too, I thought.

Jen: Cool.

John Knych: Thank you. At one point, Debbie, you wrote about someone who misunderstood the situation and was wearing a hazmat suit in a meeting when they didn’t need to be. When I read that, I thought about how the book was published in 2023, but you’ve just told us this was an eight-year process. How much did COVID affect how you imagined humanity reacting to the Great Transition? You had the idea for this anti-apocalyptic book, and then we all lived through something that felt apocalyptic in its own way. Were the things you had already thought about and written validated by the way human beings reacted, or did you get new ideas from what happened?

Debbie Urbanski: That’s a great question. COVID was interesting to me, especially in certain moments—like when my daughter and I were walking down the street early on and there were no cars, and we just walked down the middle of the street and didn’t see any people. Or if you did see people, you were afraid of them. That felt very much like my book.

Debbie Urbanski: I think it also confirmed something for me. Some early readers had asked why nobody was forming a community, or why people were so isolated, or why they were isolating. But my experience of COVID was very much everyone for themselves, and not in a great way, especially at first.

Debbie Urbanski: I know that wasn’t everyone’s experience, but there was definitely that feeling of, okay, I have to protect my own family first. Building community was difficult when you were scared of other people. So for me, I had most of the writing done by then, except for the AI overview, and it felt like confirmation that I had the right emotional atmosphere in the book, at least for my own experience.

John Knych: Excellent. Jen, was that your last question?

Jen: That was my last question, so take it away.

John Knych: On page 220 there was the mother-and-daughter departure story, followed by the line: ‘Does space travel feel like a solution or a distraction to those problems?’ Are you very critical of the space companies—Blue Origin, SpaceX, even NASA wanting to go back to the moon? Are you super critical of that, or are you open to it? We talk with a lot of sci-fi authors in this group, and I’m always interested in hearing what science fiction writers think about space travel. Do you think we should stop it and focus on Earth, or do you think we should go out there?

Debbie Urbanski: Oh gosh. I don’t know. In that passage I was also critiquing some of the subject matter I used to write about before I got interested in climate fiction—when I was writing more traditional genre stories. I don’t really have the numbers in my head about how much money we spend on space travel or how much CO2 it puts out.

Debbie Urbanski: But the problem is so complex that I’m not sure that’s the issue I feel most passionately about. I have this great book, Drawdown, somewhere on my shelf. It was a compilation by scientists ranking the most impactful things we could do as a global society, including the costs and the savings.

Debbie Urbanski: Things like switching to a vegetarian or vegan diet were ranked very high because they don’t cost much, they can save money, and they make a huge difference. I think another top solution had to do with refrigerant coolant. So I don’t know—I guess I’m okay with space travel. Maybe it’s inspirational. The real question is: why are we doing it?

Debbie Urbanski: Why do you think we’re doing it?

John Knych: I often argue with a friend about this. I think a big part of it is inspiration. How do you measure that? How do you measure how many humans are inspired to keep living and do great things just by the fact that space travel is happening? I don’t know. But I often say to my friend that humanity spends more on chocolate than on spaceships.

Debbie Urbanski: That’s a great point, right? Yeah.

John Knych: So when we talk about what we value, it gets interesting. I wasn’t expecting you to be open to it, because on the hierarchy of things we can do to save the planet, it’s probably pretty low.

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah. I mean, life needs to feel worthwhile too, if we’re going to be living it. I’m just thinking about art. Space travel is almost a form of art in some ways.

John Knych: Debbie, your choice to put graphs and charts in the book—the ‘how true is all-or-nothing thinking’ chart, the ‘reach for Sen’s hands versus closeness’ chart—those were really unique. This is a two-part question. You said that while writing the book you felt like you were stumbling in a dark room with no feedback. When you gave the book to your second agent and then to your editor, did they let you be as creative as you wanted? Was there any pushback? Jen and I both read a lot, and I think we’d agree that the book is extremely unique in the way it’s told. Were you given free rein to include whatever you wanted?

Debbie Urbanski: I think my final editor and my agent were both supportive of the book being unusual, which I was really grateful for. My editor, Tim, talked a lot about giving the reader signposts or footholds. For example, shorter chapters and shorter paragraphs. I tend to like writing in one long block of text, but that makes things harder for the reader.

Debbie Urbanski: So if the chapters are shorter, and maybe the chapter titles help guide the reader, that can make the experience easier. He was very into me adding those sorts of supports. He likes things like charts. He edited Interior Chinatown by Charles Yu, which uses screenplay formatting really effectively. He was excited about trying different text treatments.

Debbie Urbanski: I was lucky to find an editor like that, someone willing to take risks. It’s a risky first novel, right? I felt lucky. The graphs felt to me like the way the narrator would make sense of things. I enjoyed imagining the unusual data points that narrator might want to visualize.

John Knych: Excellent. My next question is about the characters. On page 17, I wrote down that Dana and Lindsay were not always kind to Son. Dana takes three sips of a sample protein drink, flavor sweet pea, just so Son will stop talking about it. Sometimes while reading I thought: they’re not very nice. Was that part of your mission—to create an environment that wasn’t heroic and wasn’t a feel-good around-the-campfire kind of book? Or was there another motivation for making the character dynamics what they were?

Debbie Urbanski: Yes, certainly. In some post-apocalyptic fiction, mothers are very heroic—thinking of something like Divergent—and they save their children and become superheroes. Or else, as in The Hunger Games, the mother is depressed and Katniss has to do everything, and the mother is made to look incompetent.

Debbie Urbanski: In my other work too, I’m interested in exploring the full range of motherhood. I’ve had a wide range of mothering experiences depending on what stage my kids were in. I could imagine that in a very tense situation, where you’re frustrated and don’t have good options, kindness might be hard.

Debbie Urbanski: Just the responsibility, and knowing what you should be doing or what you’re expected to do, versus what you actually feel capable of doing—that disconnect was interesting to explore. It’s also about how love doesn’t always look good. I think Son’s parents loved her, but sometimes that comes out in unusual ways, or at least not in the most obvious ways.

John Knych: Yeah, especially when you’re struggling for survival, right?

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, yeah, yeah.

John Knych: At the beginning there were references to Station Eleven and a couple of other books. Could you talk to us about your inspirations? Even though you’re critical of the genre and of certain things the genre often does, is Station Eleven actually a book you love? And are there other sci-fi inspirations that mean a lot to you and helped shape what you explored?

Debbie Urbanski: I think my favorite post-apocalyptic book is The Road by Cormac McCarthy. That one really does capture how devastating it would feel, though the ending is strangely hopeful. It’s beautiful, and it always makes me cry. Life continues on, and it ends with this gorgeous passage.

Debbie Urbanski: I enjoyed reading Station Eleven as a page-turner, but it’s very human-centered and pro-humanity: we will rebound and rebuild the society we lost. I’m not sure that’s a good idea, and I’m not sure it would happen like that. It didn’t feel as realistic to me. But I know people really connected to it because it was hopeful.

Debbie Urbanski: I also really like the M. R. Carey books, and The Book of Koli. The books that are coming to mind are maybe less direct inspirations and more books I simply love reading. The Road was probably the big one. And also Riddley Walker. I don’t know if you’re familiar with that one.

John Knych: I had a boss once recommend it to me. It’s dense. I think he even did a master’s thesis on it.

Debbie Urbanski: Oh, that’s cool. Did you finish it?

John Knych: No. I started it and thought, this is hard. I should maybe try it again.

Debbie Urbanski: I would recommend reading it with someone. I read it with a friend and we did one chapter a week. I had to read it out loud to understand it. But it was a great experience. I had tried reading it by myself before, and reading it together helped because we could stop and say, what is going on here? What does this mean?

Debbie Urbanski: That book was an inspiration in terms of difficulty, brutality, and the emotional punch in the gut. It’s dark. It’s not exactly fun to read, but it’s an amazing experience. It’s work.

John Knych: Yes. I remember asking my boss whether there would be payoff, because I could barely get through a sentence. You also mentioned sci-fi authors and why they were wrong. You mentioned Clarke and Leckie. I want to give a shoutout to Ann Leckie too, because Jen may remember that our first recorded conversation was with her almost two years ago.

Debbie Urbanski: That’s cool.

John Knych: Have you read a lot of her work, or were you just cherry-picking authors?

Debbie Urbanski: I was mostly cherry-picking for that list. In my younger years I read Asimov often, and some of the more classic writers. I still love Ray Bradbury. And I’m going back to Solaris—I just reread Stanislaw Lem, and I want to read more by him. That’s amazing, right?

John Knych: Have you read His Master’s Voice?

Debbie Urbanski: No, I haven’t. Yeah?

John Knych: His best one. Better than Solaris, especially if you like difficult books. It’s denser, less Hollywood-friendly.

Debbie Urbanski: Okay. Yeah, I want to read more. I’m going back and reading some of the people I felt I had missed, but I definitely hadn’t read everything I mentioned in the book.

John Knych: Here’s a very specific question I want to make sure I don’t forget. You just mentioned reading all these nonfiction books about birds and trees. On page 106, you write: ‘It has been suggested multiple times that insects, fungi, or plants will take over the world.’ Which one do you think it will be, and why?

Debbie Urbanski: Oh, that’s fun. Off the top of my head, I’d say insects, just because that’s what I’m reading a lot about right now, particularly the hemlock woolly adelgid, this tiny creature that’s devastating all the hemlock forests in our area and farther south.

Debbie Urbanski: But plants taking over would probably make for a more peaceful world. Insects could be pretty aggressive. I just learned that pavement ants wage war. As for fungi—oh gosh, can I have all three? Can all three take over?

John Knych: Have you read Adrian Tchaikovsky, since we’re on the subject of recommendations?

Debbie Urbanski: I read his most recent one, Shroud.

John Knych: Okay.

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, that was perfect. A friend read it and told me I had to read it. I actually listened to the audiobook. It was great.

John Knych: He explores insects in very unique ways.

Debbie Urbanski: Which book would you recommend?

John Knych: Children of Time. Jen may remember that one. I mean, you talk about ants waging war—he takes that to another level. I don’t want to give too much away, but yes, definitely.

Debbie Urbanski: Sounds good.

John Knych: The pitch is: what if spiders had the same chance as humans to become conscious? What would their societies look like? We’re actually having a talk with him in April, and Jen is about to receive Children of Strife, which is his fourth book in that series. I won’t spoil anything for Jen, but there’s some wild stuff with fungi and insects. It’s perfect.

Debbie Urbanski: Thank you.

John Knych: You may or may not want to answer this because you may want to keep it mysterious. In the book, you mention the Strange War and then just leave it there. There’s also the Third War Cemetery in Pompey, New York, and women fighting against non-human entities. Do you remember that story?

Debbie Urbanski: Yeah, yeah. I had written for this great online journal called Terraform, through Vice Motherboard, a couple of years ago. I wrote a lot of stories for them, and so did a lot of other great writers. They were looking for near-future 2,000-word stories, and it was such a fun format to play with. I think they’re all still online.

Debbie Urbanski: One of the stories I wrote for them was about a war fought entirely by female soldiers, and they come back changed. It’s told from the point of view of a mother trying to figure out what her daughter did during the war. I had been reading about some of the things that happened in previous wars—especially torture carried out by Americans, including American women soldiers. That’s where the idea came from. I built that war for the short story, and the reference in the novel points back to that earlier story.

John Knych: Excellent. Circling back to the AI narrator and the fact that the AI narrator came late in the process: how did you decide what to include and what not to include with that narrator? There are conversations between the AIs too. How did that creation process work? How did you decide what belonged and what didn’t as you experimented with that voice?

Debbie Urbanski: The short stories I was writing around that time were all very voice-driven. I really enjoyed choosing a point of view that was difficult to understand. Up until then those points of view were all human, but they were complicated human voices—a mother married to a man who abused their daughter, for instance, who nevertheless stayed in the marriage. I liked trying to imagine the world through a perspective that was hard to understand.

Debbie Urbanski: So I was excited to pour everything I’d written through this AI narrator and see how it would come out differently. At first, I wanted the narrator to change during the telling, somehow. Since it was AI, I thought it would be interesting if it learned something. Originally I was playing with the idea of it learning how to write.

Debbie Urbanski: There was one section I had to remove where it tried telling a scene in different ways. Part of it was in hieroglyphics, part in Braille, part in Pig Latin. I was having fun, but my editor said, basically, stop—it’s not all that interesting to read someone not writing well or struggling to write well.

Debbie Urbanski: So instead, we decided the narrator would change emotionally. The change would be that it comes to know Son better and becomes connected to her. Once I figured out what I wanted the narrator to do, it became a fun revision. There were a lot of wrong turns at first. I wrote the first chapter, I don’t know, fifteen times in fifteen different voices. But once I found something that felt right, it moved along okay.

John Knych: Thank you. We often talk in this group about world-building, because in science fiction it’s such a big part of the genre. Early in the book, around page 30, you write, ‘The last of the exit ships are gone.’ How did you decide how to space out the world-building? You just said you wrote the first chapter fifteen times. Did you know from the beginning about the war and the exit ships and the AI, or did all of that evolve over time?

Debbie Urbanski: It evolved. I added things along the way. I did have a big spreadsheet with years marked out for everything that was happening. Then once S started, the timeline shifted to weekly or monthly increments, and I tried to track what was happening in Son’s life and what was happening with the AI story.

Debbie Urbanski: That helped a lot. I’ve looked at those big world-building questionnaires people use—more often for fantasy, I think—but for this book I mostly did a lot of reading, both about AI and about what happens to the world after humans are gone. The World Without Us was very helpful for that.

Jen: Oh yeah.

Debbie Urbanski: You know that one? It was great for understanding what would happen structurally to the world as humans slowly disappeared. Looking at photographs of Chernobyl now, or of abandoned spaces, also helped me imagine what it would look like.

John Knych: That’s my last question before we move on to what you’re working on next and what we should read next. Early in the book there’s a lot of darkness and gruesomeness: the neighborhood boy setting himself on fire, bits of flesh falling from canine mouths. Do you consciously try to push the boundaries of what’s acceptable? Your prose can be shocking. Given that you love books like The Road, was that based on the subject matter, or as an author do you like taking readers into twisted, gruesome places?

Debbie Urbanski: I like both my reading and my writing to feel difficult, I guess, especially when emotionally they are supposed to be difficult. If there were a world in which this stuff was actually happening, I would want us to accept that space, to visualize it, and to feel uncomfortable. I think discomfort is an okay emotion for a reader, especially when you’re talking about post-apocalyptic material.

Debbie Urbanski: I like all kinds of genre fiction. I do read horror, and I’m always making notes about things that scare me or bother me. So that boundary is something I play with a bit. I think it’s very personal, though. I’m actually glad you still found the book that way, because my editor Tim was constantly telling me to take things out. There was stuff he thought was too much, and he dialed some of it down. So it sounds like I still made the point.

John Knych: No, the point came through. It’s a tough environment. I personally like when authors take risks and create difficult scenes. But I can also imagine my sister or other people being shocked, which is part of the world you’re building. All right, Debbie, can you share what you’re working on now? Stories, essays, a novel? And then what should we be reading next?

Debbie Urbanski: Great questions. I write creative nonfiction too—or what I call speculative nonfiction. Right now I’m working on an essay about all the things I’ve killed or been responsible for killing. Not people, obviously. Mostly insects, but some small mammals too.

Debbie Urbanski: It’s my way of moving toward writing from the point of view of insects. I’m asking whether we should be killing these millions of insects, but I wanted first to acknowledge that yes, I’ve participated in killing tons of ants. I’m getting more technical and scientific in that piece than I usually do. I’m trying to understand how ants die when you spray Raid on them, and how bug zappers work. I’m really enjoying that writing. It’s been very satisfying.

Debbie Urbanski: I’m hoping that will eventually lead to a longer project from the point of view of insects. I don’t know whether it’ll be a story or a novel yet. And I’m also working on a couple of novel ideas, but they’re still pretty early.

John Knych: Or maybe just an author you’d like to shout out—someone you think should be read more?

Debbie Urbanski: There’s a book I picked up from Wesleyan University Press, which publishes a lot of early science fiction, especially feminist science fiction. It’s called We Who Are About To by Joanna Russ.

John Knych: I’ve read that. You’ve read that?

Debbie Urbanski: I had never heard of that book or of her before. What did you think?

John Knych: I wasn’t a huge fan, partly because The Female Man by her is a masterpiece. So I came to We Who Are About To after that. You might like it because it’s very experimental, especially if you like Riddley Walker. But for me, even though it’s short, it was still quite experimental.

Debbie Urbanski: So you do spend a lot of time wondering what’s going on. I thought it was gutsy. I won’t spoil anything, but wow, that’s a pretty intense ending.

John Knych: But The Female Man—I wept at the end. It’s incredible. Joanna Russ is dead, though. Do you have someone living you’d recommend?

Debbie Urbanski: Yes. There’s another climate or eco-fiction book called Fragile by Alexandra Wickman-Mosley. It’s a fascinating book, a real page-turner. There’s a romance in it, but it’s also about how climate change might affect shipping distribution, especially of medicine. I had never read anything with that specific focus. I thought it was great, really well researched. It got me thinking in a different way, but it was also just a fun book. And yes, she’s still alive. She’s still writing.

John Knych: Excellent. Thank you. I didn’t mention this before, but climate science fiction really seems to be on the rise. It’s always been part of the genre, but we’re talking next month with Dr. Jasmine McBride, who has a climate science fiction book coming out. I think more and more people want to explore the crisis we’re living through in a speculative way.

John Knych: I know I said that was the last question, but one more random one: what do you think of nuclear power? I talked in a previous discussion with Robert Zubrin, who wrote The Case for Nukes, all about nuclear power. As an environmentalist and a researcher and author, what do you think about nuclear power as a way of coping with our energy needs?

Debbie Urbanski: I don’t know if I know enough. I read a great book about Chernobyl, and Riddley Walker also has that radioactive, post-nuclear atmosphere. So I’ve read a lot about nuclear power going wrong. But I don’t know enough to have a firm position.

John Knych: So you’re not super critical of it? Some environmentalists say stop nuclear immediately, and others say it’s the only path forward if we want to meet our energy needs without destroying the planet.

Debbie Urbanski: Right. I think sometimes, when we try to solve problems caused by climate change, we’re really trying to keep our society as close to its current form as possible. So rather than asking how we can continue using the same amount of energy, I would love for us to think more critically about how we live. Do we really need this much energy?

Debbie Urbanski: So nuclear power may solve part of the problem, but only part of it. At the same time, we do need to do something, right? It depends on what the end goal is. Maybe we should all agree on the goal first, and then figure out what to do.

John Knych: That’s a good note to end on. Quick confession: I created an environmental group when I was in high school, more than twenty years ago. But I became really frustrated. That’s one reason I loved the passage you wrote listing all the frustrations, ironies, and contradictions, because that’s exactly how I felt.

John Knych: It’s only in the last year or two that I’ve started wondering: if humans are just going to keep consuming energy, is nuclear the way to avoid literally burning our planet?

Debbie Urbanski: I don’t know.

John Knych: All right. Thank you so much, Debbie. I really enjoyed this conversation, especially because your book is difficult and abstract in such interesting ways. It’s wonderful to hear the author’s perspective on how it came together. And yes, lately I’ve been thinking that if humans are simply going to keep consuming energy, then maybe nuclear is the way not to roast the planet. I don’t know. There are trade-offs, right?

Debbie Urbanski: But if we could all just act better, that would be the solution, right? I mean, it actually is the solution. All right. Thank you for having me. These were great questions. Thank you.

John Knych: Thank you. And thanks for being here, Jen. Have a good day, both of you.

Debbie Urbanski: Okay, you too.

John Knych: Bye-bye.

Debbie Urbanski: Bye.

Robert Zubrin

Full Verbatim Transcript:

[00:00:02.320] – John Knych

Hello, today we have Robert Zubrin with us, the founder of the Mars Society. He is also the author of The Case for Mars, published in 1996, and numerous books on the exploration and settlement of Mars. He is also a nuclear engineer by training. Robert, thank you for being here today. My first question is: what are you working on now, and why are you working on this despite all the challenges of settling Mars?

[00:00:31.920] – Robert Zubrin

I’m currently working on some defense technology that I cannot discuss. It involves balloon systems. However, balloons can also be used to support and advance the exploration of Mars. I believe they should be used for that purpose.

[00:00:52.000] – John Knych

Balloons could assist with aerial exploration, correct? They could carry cameras, ground‑penetrating radar, and other sensors. Operating only a few kilometers above the surface would make them roughly 100 times closer than a satellite orbiting at 300 kilometers.

[00:01:20.150] – Robert Zubrin

So there’s all kinds of details you can see with cameras, ground pénétrating, radar can go much deeper, because a radar return signal goes as the inverse fourth power of the distance. So there’s a lot we could do with balloons on Mars.

[00:01:36.560] – John Knych

Excellent. And in your book, The New World on Mars, which is your most recent publication, 2021, you cover a wide range of practical challenges, solutions. And I read, too, that you’ve done nuclear engineering as well.

[00:01:55.300] – Robert Zubrin

Yes, I have.

[00:01:56.540] – John Knych

You made a discovery of how carbon dioxide… Of nuclear rocket using indigenous Martian fuel.

[00:02:05.880] – Robert Zubrin

This question is-Yeah, using carbon dioxide as propellant, yes. And I really should have been nuclear, rocket using indigenous Martian propellant. But NIMF sounded cooler than NIMF, so I called it fuel.

[00:02:23.760] – John Knych

Yes, the space world likes their acronyms. So you obviously probably know about KRUSTY, right ?

[00:02:33.040] – Robert Zubrin

Yes.

[00:02:34.020] – John Knych

How do you think KRUSTY will be used with Mars settlement ? Do you think what NASA has accomplished already is enough for providing all of the power needed ? How do you Will there be another iteration of Crusty ? Do we still have a long way to go for how nuclear power will work on Mars ? Are we close ?

[00:02:54.260] – Robert Zubrin

Well, KRUSTY is much too small. KRUSTY played a very useful role in getting NASA back into the nuclear game. Then, the person who made that possible, his name was David Postman, who was from Los Alamos. He said, Look, here’s the simplest way to do a nuclear reactor, a small one, and we could do this straight away. They did. But really, to do NASA’s design reference mission, you need a reactor with 30 kilowatts. To do Mars Direct, vous besoin de 100 kilowatts. To do Musk’s Mars plan, you need 600 à 1 000 kW. Et donc, vraiment, le 100 kilowatts reactor is what would be good. You could use it for Mars Direct, it would have a margin against NASA’s mission, and you could use groups of them to accomplish Musk’s mission. As far as I can see, there is no such programme that has been initié with the required goals, and drive, and deadlines, and funding to do that. So they need to get going. Yes.

[00:04:10.220] – John Knych

So it’s necessary, it needs to get bigger, the nuclear reactors, that will be Yes, they do. Excellent. So you mentioned must plan. This is a current event question. What are your thoughts on the recent SpaceX pivot to the moon ? Do you think it’s necessary ? Do you think that it’s a distraction ? What’s your view on that ?

[00:04:32.480] – Robert Zubrin

I think from a technical point of view, what he said was nonsense. We’re not going to make AI satellites on the moon. I think what he did was something to help juice his IP CEO of SpaceX and XAI. And a number of space companies are doing this. They’re trying to allège that the fact that they have rockets will provide the tickets to Treasure Island. Because look, AI is the Treasure Island, People are going to make a lot of money with AI in the near and medium term future. It’s what today compared to, say, the internet of the late ’90s. What you want to do is say, Well, yes, AI is the treasure island, and the rocket is the way to get there. But I don’t really think that business plan makes sense. It’s certainly much easier to put AI data centres on the ground. In terms of for them, it’s easier to generate power on the ground. So I think that, frankly, that this is part of Musk’s propaganda for his IPO.

[00:05:43.920] – John Knych

So do you think he’s still actually focused on Mars settlement, in that he’s just talking about the moon to, as you said, juice up the IPO ?

[00:05:52.700] – Robert Zubrin

I think what he’s focused on is making Starship fully operational. That’s what he’s actually focused on. And of course, that is something that gives you the ability to… I mean, if you wanted to do AI satellites, you would just launch them with the Starship. You wouldn’t build a lunar base with Starships and then launch them from the moon. That’s absurd. And that also gives you the ability to build a Mars base. NASA wants to build a Mars base. And that gives you the ability to build a Mars base or a Mars settlement. So there really is… I think his current focus, right now, is making the Starship fully operational. And what you do with the Starship, once it’s operational, you have options.

[00:06:38.440] – John Knych

Excellent. Robert, before this talk, I’ve read a couple de books that are critical of Mars settlement plans, because I wanted to have a balance. And my next question is, of all the criticisms of Mars settlement, which one do you find the most aggravating ? Meaning, the one that you think, look, we’re going solve this, we’re going to figure this out, because there was a driving optimism in your book that pushing new frontiers, it’s what humanity does, it’s what we have to do to continue to be innovatives. I’m sure you’ve received tons of criticism for your view of all of it, which bothers you the most ?

[00:07:22.560] – Robert Zubrin

The Wienersmith’s book, which was The City on Mars, or A City on Mars, which is by far the most successful of the anti-Mars books, and also a completely dishonest book. They present problems that have ready solutions, and don’t mention the solutions. More importantly, the fundamental thesis of the book is, they say, there’s absolutely no point in settling space. No one can have a better life by settling space, and no one can make money by settling space, so it’s not going to happen, and therefore, it needs to be banned. Now, if it wasn’t going to happen, why does it need to be banned ? They are demanding government action to prevent something that they say est impossible. Now, furthermore, they adopt this ridiculous argument that they got from a guy named Dudny, qui dit que loin de l’inviter l’avenir, le settlement de la Terre espéciale va endanger the human future, the settlement of space will endanger the human future because the Martians will start hurling steroids at the Earth and kill us all. I mean, this is just nuts. Ok, now, obviously, OK. First of all, they argue that there can’t be Martians because Mars settlement is impossible.

[00:08:50.480] – Robert Zubrin

But then let’s talk about, OK, but could the evil people in the military decide to out into space and get hold of astroïdes and use them as weapons of mass destruction ? Well, I’ve actually had, over the course of my career, a fair amount of dealing with the military, and I can tell you what they want in a weapon system. They want a weapon system that has readiness, that if you want to use it, you can use it. Now, they want a weapon system that cannot be misappropriated by the enemy, so it has to be secure. They want a weapons system that is secure, so that if you want to use it, you can use it. Now, they want a weapons system that cannot be appropriated by the enemy, so it must be secure. They want a weapons system that can have the advantage of surprise, meaning that the enemy does not know what is coming. They want precision. They want to destroy the enemy.They don’t want to destroy us at the same time that they destroy the enemy. They want to be selective. The asteroid weapon system has none of these attributes. It’s exactly the opposite. If you diverted an asteroid to go towards the Earth, it would take years to get here.

[00:10:02.840] – Robert Zubrin

On its way there, the enemy could go there and divert it, and it would only take the slightest diversion to take an asteroid that was headed towards the United States and make it head towards China instead, or vice versa. This is a weapon of mass destruction that is easily misappropriated by the enemy to be used against you. It’s not secure. It doesn’t have readiness. It doesn’t have security. It is certainly not precise. It comes in with enormous destruction. The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs, destroyed the Yucatan, but also almost the entire rest of the Earth, too. What’s the point of that ? What was the other feature that it needed to have ? Readiness, security, precision ? I forget. But surprise. No. They know it’s coming years in advance. Even if they didn’t have spacefaring capability, you send an asteroid that’s going to hit China in four years, they have plenty of time to nuke you. Because they can do that in an hour, while your weapon takes years to reach its target. It is an absolutely absurd weapon system. Yet, they do this to say, We have to stop people from going into space because this could bring about the destruction of the Earth.

[00:11:32.330] – Robert Zubrin

So A, it’s impossible, and B, when they do it, it will cause the destruction of the Earth. So this is just crazy stuff. It’s completely dishonest and quite destructive. Frankly, the Wienersmiths know better, because unlike some of these other people who were juste journalist, who would just say the first thing that came to their mind, the Wienersmiths spent some time going to space conferences. They heard a lot of people, they read a lot of books, and they willfully ignored what they knew.

[00:12:02.700] – John Knych

Yes, that was very critical of that book. It’s somewhat cathartic hearing you rip it apart, because, first of all, the tone also was très condescending. You read the book, it’s like, oh, well, we were space enthusiast, but there’s all these things that are wrong. But, yeah, no, I thought the argument of the asteroid, people have… We have nukees on planet Earth, and we haven’t nukeed everything yet. Robert, another major difference between your book and the Wienersmith’s book is, in your book, there’s this epic quality of… One of my favorite lines was, We must joyfully embrace the challenge of launching new dynamic pioneering branches of human civilization on Mars, so their optimistic impossibility defying spirit will continue to break barriers and point the way to the incredible plentitude of possibilities that urge us to write our daring, brilliant future among vast reaches of the stars. Like, inspiring, epic prose. My question is, have you always had this sense of the philosophical argument for settling Mars, or has it developed over time ? Meaning, I was very surprised going into your book, I thought it would be very OK, here’s how we make oxygen on Mars, here’s how we do it.

[00:13:36.080] – John Knych

But it was often very historical, epic, philosophical. Have you always had this view, or has it developed over the years ? And if it has developed, how has it developed ?

[00:13:47.540] – Robert Zubrin

Well, it’s developed in its technical detail and strength as I became more knowledgeable. But I would say the basic viewpoint here is It’s developed in its technical details and strengths, as I’ve become more knowledgeable. But I would say that the point of view here is something I’ve had for a little while. Okay, it’s not original to me.This was fundamentally the point of view of space-age science-fiction. It’s the point of view of, or even before that, Heinlein. It’s the point of view of the original Star Trek series. The question is, do we have a Star Trek future or do we have a Soylent Green future ? These are the two possible futures that is being offered in the imagination of literature. And they’re both possible, actually. I prefer the Star Trek future. I prefer the open future.

[00:14:55.580] – John Knych

Yes. I was happy, too, reading near the end of your book, you talk, you really attack the finite resource fallacy, that many people believe there’s just finite resources, and they don’t understand that we figure out new ways to do innovative things with resources. How often have you encountered that critique, and have had to refute it, whether in Mars conferences or space conferences ? Is it a fairly common attack, that you see people making, that You have to go, Look, no. Oil used to be this negative thing in people’s land that they were disgusted with, and then it became black gold. How often do you counter the finite resource fallacy ?

[00:15:44.180] – Robert Zubrin

Well, the finite resource argument, well, it’s always been around in one sense or another, it goes back to Malthus. I have written an entire book, which you guys might want to read, called Merchants of Despair, which discusses the history of anti-humanisme, because that’s what the Finite Resource Thesis fundamentally says. If you say that resources are finites, then all people are, in fact, enemies of each other, because we are competing through finite resources, and all Nations are enemies of each other. Any alliances between Nations are like the alliances in the hunger games, where a couple of the players might temporarily ally to form a gang of three rather than be alone. But at the end of the day, one of those has got to kill the other two. Do we really want to have a hunger games world in which only one can survive ? And then, even then, not for long. You see, look, this is an extremely destructive thesis, but it has a beneficiary. The beneficiary are tyrants. Why ? Because if human aspirations must be crushed, someone must do the crushing. So it’s for your own good, you see. Furthermore, since we are faced with a world of enemies, we must be strong, and therefore, we cannot tolerate dissent.

[00:17:19.840] – Robert Zubrin

This is basically, in other words, the justification for tyrannie is the putative inevitability and necessity for war. The idea that war is necessary and inevitable is because resources are finites. The finite resources benefits the militarist thesis, which benefits the tyranst’s thesis. Therefore, you see, intellectuals that expound this thesis will never lack for sponsors, because it benefits the ultra-powerful. It benefits those who want to be those who are empowered to crush and limit human aspirations. It is precisely the subversion of that thesis, the need to subvert that thesis, which is why we, most critically, must expand into space. Look, Hitler, and I believe I quote him in the book, said, at one point, he said, The idea of perpetual prospérité et plenty, through science, est un plan pour dévider le sentiment de la naissance de la prudence et le bienfouissement, c’est un planète judiciaire. Il y a un planète judiciaire qui explique l’éliteur. Il n’est pas un planète judiciaire, mais il dévide le sentiment de la science. War, and that is why it must be promoted. That is why. Ok ? And so, far from endangering the humanity with increased probability of war, human expansion into space is necessary to undermine those whose existence depends upon war.

[00:19:11.220] – John Knych

Je me souviens de cette part dans ce book, que ça a à voir avec le pouvoir. Les gens veulent se sentir en pouvoir, ils veulent se sentir dans leur position, et que ce point de vue leur permet de faire ça. Robert, je veux bien que je me souvienne de cette question que le lisateur a posée, qui ne pouvait pas le faire aujourd’hui. Matthias, c’est une question qui est en leur position. And that this viewpoint allows them to do that. Robert, I want to make sure I don’t forget this question that a reader asked, that couldn’t make it today. Matthias, this is another current event question, that I don’t know if you’ll be able to answer it, so you can say pass, if there’s any conflict. But are we currently in a géopolitical space race, again, between the US et China, for that part of the moon, that’s, correct me if I’m wrong, but that there’s water, that there’s a small area on the moon that’s very, very highly desired. And the Artemis mission is being pushed because the US wants to be back there before China. Do you agree with that ? Do you think it’s partly true ?

[00:20:16.120] – John Knych

What’s your view of this ?

[00:20:18.300] – Robert Zubrin

Well, I think it’s partly true. I think that NASA has used that vision as a way to try to motivate Congressional support for Artemis. That is, posing it, we are in a race with China, etc. Now, actually, we have already beaten China to the moon by half a century. Now, to decide to run the race again, to me, is inadvisable, simply, from the point of view of gaisemanship. But sure, that’s out Now, in fact, and the amazing thing is, despite the fact that we were able to go to the moon 56 years ago, we are having problems going there now, so much so that there is every probability that China will, in fact, beat us on a return to the moon. It’s not a sure thing. Chinese aren’t super people. They make mistakes, too. But it’s certainly up for grabs. It’s up for grabs.

[00:21:34.840] – John Knych

What problems are you aware of that the Artemis mission currently has ?

[00:21:41.840] – Robert Zubrin

Oh, well, the Artemis program is completely incohérent. They have not built a coherent set of hardware. They haven’t built things that, look, that fit together. Look, what they did with Apollo was, says, We want to be on the Moon within eight years. What’s a plan that will enable us to do that ? They came up with the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous Plan. They said, Therefore, we need the Saturn V, the command module, and the Lunar Excursion Module. The command module commandé, et le module de l’excursion, et le module de l’Ordre de l’Ordre aversion module have to be sized to be able to be launched by a Saturn V and insert into low Lunar Orbit. It was all done as a coherent plan. The Artemis, on the other hand, you have five distinct programmes, each proceeding in its own way. They’ve built five primary pieces of flight hardware that literally do not fit together. They don’t. You can’t do a lunar mission. The lunar orbit gateway has nothing to do with anything. They have SLS and Starship, two competing boosters, neither of which could deliver the Orion capsule plus the Blue Origin National Lander into lunar orbit with enough propellant to come home.

[00:23:09.320] – Robert Zubrin

In fact, they can’t even deliver the Orion by itself into lunar orbit with enough propellant to come home. The Starship could function as a complete round trip system by itself, but the mission architecture is extremely unwieldy. It requires 14 starships launches, first launching the starship, then launching a bunch of tankers to fuel the starship to go to the gateway, and then launching a bunch of starships to fuel a tanker to go to the gateway to refuel the starship there, and then three more like that, and then you can do the mission. It’s C’est un peu crazy. Simplification would have been to have the National Lander use the same methane-oxygen propellant as the starship, and so you could use the starship as an orbital tanker to fuel the National Lander They’re going up and down. But they didn’t do that. They made the National Land to have a hydrogen-oxygen propulsion system, so it’s incompatible with the Starship. Nothing here is compatible with each other. Basically, the architecture is unworkable and they’re going to have to… Well, they could do it with the Starship alone system, which basically ignore the rest of the hardware, but with an extremely unwieldy architecture.

[00:24:30.000] – Robert Zubrin

Or they could build what I call a star boat, which would be a small lander using the same propellence as Starship, and that would make the thing work. But they didn’t do that. So it’s a mess. They have a flight architecture that is vastly more expensive and less capable than the one we had in Apollo.

[00:24:54.200] – John Knych

Yes, I recently saw Jared Isaacman speak, and basically, I don’t know if you read this or saw this, but extremely critical of Boeing and the bureaucracy that is currently a part of NASA. Are you optimistic about Jared Isaacman and him changing or cleaning up this mess, or do you think this is just a problem that is just going to keep on being an issue ?

[00:25:21.400] – Robert Zubrin

Well, I think Jared Isaacman is a very good person. I think he was a good choice for NASA administrator, but he’s operating with within an insane political environment. You compare the political environment now to that of the early, the mid ’60s, when Apollo was done, where you had bipartisan support for achieving national objectives. You had a patriotic président who had been a PT boat commander. World War II, and now we have this insane situation, extreme corruption. The people that Trump did deploy into NASA to reform it, the DOGE, did a wrecking operation. They actually attempted to destroy the part of NASA that does work well, which was the science directorate. And fortunately, there’s been some congressional pushback. The Mars Society and the Planetary Society got together and mobilized to convey to Congress that they had to stop these Stoich cuts. And right now, it looks like about three quarters of them have been stopped. About one quarter of them are going to happen. So the net effect is going to be significant destruction. It’s just not going to be total destruction. This is the environment within which Isaacman is operating. The Trump administration despises this bipartisan.

[00:27:02.880] – Robert Zubrin

So anything they build will unquestionably be destroyed once the political power shifts.

[00:27:15.140] – John Knych

Yeah, the political situation is unfortunate, to say the least. To go from current event, geopolitical, down to back to the technical. Previously, with these book talks, we’ve had Kim Stanley Robinson speak, and he mentioned reading a case for Mars as research for his red Mars, or for his Mars trilogy. But what was interesting during that talk, and that was surprising, is that he’s actually shifted in his view of Mars settlement, in that the one detail he gave up, which I want to ask you about, is, he said, look, they discovered pertulates, I’m thinking of pronouncing it right, pertulates, in the soil.

[00:28:00.780] – Robert Zubrin

Or perchlorates, yes.

[00:28:01.950] – John Knych

Perclourates. And the soil is poisonous, so Mars settlement is off the table. I’m summarizing what he said. And in your book, A New World on Mars, you mention washing the soil. So my question to you is, how complex is that ? Will it take tons of energy ? Do you know of any research that’s in that realm ?

[00:28:28.780] – Robert Zubrin

Well, look, okay, if we’re talking about greenhouse agriculture, you can just wash the soil that you use, okay ? And there’s also forms of greenhouse agriculture that don’t even use soil, hydroponics and aéroponics and such. But that’s not a fundamental problem at all. If you’re talking about planetary transformation, the first thing we will do when we terraform Mars is warm the planet by producing greenhouse gasses. This will cause the water that is now frozen in the soil or in glaciers to melt, and it will evaporate and come down as rain, and that will wash the soil. If Mars had an active water cycle, the perchlorites will be washed out, and also the peroxides will be destroyed. That’s what’s going to happen with that. Now, that’s not to say that there won’t be work in turning Martian soil into farms once you have a Terraformed planet. But I got to tell you, there was a lot of work turning Earthsoil into farms. Because, there isn’t a single patch of fertile soil on earth that nature doesn’t have other potential uses for it than allowing a farmer to use it. In fact, it is without the very active and constant intervention of a farmer, any piece of land will rapidly be overrun with what we call weeds, but basically, competitors to what we want.

[00:30:17.020] – Robert Zubrin

So, food does not come naturally from the land. Food comes from farmers, and it comes with the process that involves a lot of work.

[00:30:27.760] – John Knych

Yes. I found that compelling in the book, your argument that, look, we’ve always been artificially manipulating land, and with fertiliser, and clearing land. It’s always been part of, just a human une expérience, de mold the land in our environment, to serve our needs. And yet, I’m not sure if it was your book or a different book, where people talk about… People used to go in boats to settle the new world, right ? And I think it was the city on Mars that critiqued this analogy, because they said, look, they still had air to breathe, whatever, whatever. But they also didn’t have the technology we have now. I think often, when people attack the new world exploration analogies, they don’t acknowledge that, look, we have technology that people didn’t have in the, in the 1500, 1600s. Robert, another book I read to prepare for this talk, it just came out. It’s called Becoming Martian by Scott Solomon. I don’t know if you’ve heard of this book.

[00:31:41.400] – Robert Zubrin

I’ve heard of it, but I haven’t read it.

[00:31:43.280] – John Knych

It just came out a week ago. And he’s actually friends with the authors of City for Mars. And he’s critical, but I think he falls between you and the Wiener Smiths in that he ends his book with like, look, it’s going to happen, it needs to happen, but we should be cautious in these areas. But he made a very interesting argument très intéressant à la fin de l’écriture de l’édition de l’édition de l’organisme. Il dit: Nous avons la technologie that if we find that radiation, microgravity, it makes it impossible for women to have babies, or there’s just tons of cancers on Mars, that we should gene-edit all humans before going to Mars. What are your thoughts on this, potentially, potential path for it.

[00:32:33.360] – Robert Zubrin

Well, here’s what I think. I think there will be Martian settlements before there is active gene editing of the kind that you’re describing. However, I believe that, first of all, that there will be many different settlements on Mars by people with very different ideals and notions of what is right and wrong and so forth. I believe that while some of them might view gene editing as a repulsive form of eugéniex, others might believe that it is a very practical and necessary technology, and they should take advantage of it. So some people will probably do this. In other cases, it won’t be done by design, but by natural selection. Whenever people move to, or any animal or even plant moves to a new environment, it tends to reoptimise for the new conditions. So there will be… Evolution will take its course. Now, of course, if it’s allowed to go naturally, it will go slow. If people decide they’re going to use gene editing and say, Look, taller, thinner physique is more ideally designed for Mars. Let’s just promote those genes and suppress the others, and they’ll go ahead and do that. Certainly, some of these things will be driven by practicality, and others of these things will be driven by fashion, what people consider beautiful, which changes from time to time, it really does.

[00:34:35.960] – Robert Zubrin

Right now, well, this is not a biological thing, but among a lot of young people, they do piercings and things which I think make an otherwise beautiful young girl look ugly, but they think it makes them look more beautiful. And apparently, some young men do, too, or It wouldn’t do it, but in my day, it wouldn’t have. What I’m just saying is there could be a fashion for pointy ears or blue skin. In fact, right now, there are people who dye their hair blue or green, which at one time would have been considered crazy. But people think blue hair looks really cool. Well, there’s probably a gene for making hair blue without dye, and maybe it’ll get promoted. You watch Star Trek or similar things, or Star Wars, and they depict a future in Which there are aliens who look pretty much like people, except they have certain unusual features, and Balkans, Klingons, and so forth. Well, I think it’s extremely unlikely that if we go out to other planets, interstellar space, and we find intelligent beings there, that those that evolve there will look that close to people. In other words, I think there probably are various intelligence species in the galaxy, but evolving totally independently of us, I think they will look a lot more different from us than, say, Balkans do compared to humans and Star Trek.

[00:36:24.300] – Robert Zubrin

On the other hand, if humans go out and settle other worlds and diversify,, either by natural selection or by self-editing, driven either by necessity or fashion, I think it’s quite possible that 2,000 years from now, when you have a gathering of people from lots of worlds, it’ll look like the United Federation of Planets, with people, basically, but with the various appearances that diverge considerably from what we see on Earth today.

[00:36:58.280] – John Knych

Yes, I agree. Scott makes a compelling argument that, look, if we’re going to go to Mars and beyond, humanity will change. And he’s actually an evolutionary biologist, and he says, look, this is what’s going to happen. Robert, our next talk will be with a young woman named Alyssa Carson, who wants to be the first woman on Mars. I don’t know if you’ve heard of her ?

[00:37:24.660] – Robert Zubrin

Yes, I have, actually.

[00:37:26.000] – John Knych

Yes, she will be doing a talk with us, and I’m reading her book now, Ready for Liftoff. And my question to you is, if someone wants to be a part of the first wave of Martian settlers, what would you recommend to someone who had that aspiration ? Meaning ? What field should you study or how should you prepare yourself ? Are there technical or scientific fields that need progress before we can settle ? How would you…

[00:37:59.800] – Robert Zubrin

Well, look, if someone wants to participate in early Mars missions, they’d be well-advised to study engineering. Or certain areas of natural science, such as geology or even microbiology, things that are going to come into play early. Or actually, there’s going to be a lot of use for people on Mars that aren’t college engineers, but rather are good mécanics and such, electricians, all these sorts of practical hands-on skills. To the extent we have engineers, we’re going to want most of them to be more like old-time shipper or railway engineers. That is, engineers who don’t just know the theory, but they’re good with the wrench. Now, at one time, if you look at the early settlement of America, well, of course, the people who were most useful on the first voyages were sailorsers, navigators, naval officers, and such. Then you get people like carpenters, and Then you get people like farmers, when you want to actually build farms in New England, people who are good at farming and become really good, and maybe a doctor or two. But in the next generation, all of a sudden, school teachers are in demand, and eventually, orchestra conductors. Who’s welcome in America today ?

[00:39:49.440] – Robert Zubrin

Well, people of every useful profession and artistic profession, and you name it. But it took a while to get there. This is how I anticipate. But if for answer to advice to people like Alyssa Carson, I would advise them to study engineering.

[00:40:12.680] – John Knych

Yes, because I was going to ask you, of course, we will need engineers, nuclear engineers, who can not only know how a enlarged KRUSTY will work, but if it breaks down, like what- Well, yes, the initial ones will be people who can know how to operate it and what its limits are and how you might repair it and how you might deal with failures and so forth.

[00:40:39.760] – Robert Zubrin

But eventually, you’re going to have people on Mars who can design nucléaires. Because, actually, un nucléaire réacteur that’s optimised for Mars will be a bit different than one that’s optimised for Earth. It could be substantially different, actually, especially if the Martians decide to go for breeder reactors, so as to limit the amount of uranium or plutonium they need to import. Eventually, we’re going to want to have Martian nuclear engineers who can build a design and build fusion reactors. We go from the immediately practice to the more creative to the theoretical. And this is all part of the progression.

[00:41:23.860] – John Knych

Yes, I enjoyed in your book, too, this… Imagining how the types of people who will want to go to Mars will be very specific, and most likely extremely creative and intelligent, and that will have this, almost like Silicon Valley, innovation pool that will be happening, in the first Mars colonies. And I also like that you imagine education, too, where it won’t be like formalized education, that very soon, les children will have apprentice-type educations, because there will be an extreme shortage of labor. Could you talk a little bit more about your vision of education on Mars ? How it will- Well, here’s the thing.

[00:42:14.460] – Robert Zubrin

Okay, I think, for example, if we take a look at the education we have today, it’s a great thing, but there are a number of shortcomings. That is to say, we have built a society that is exclusionary. And so, an educational institution, for example, in certain professions, you really need education to do what you do. There are sophisticated engineering calculations, sophisticated calculations that require engineering education. There may come a day when a large system…It has a number of defects as well. That is, we have constructed a society which is exclusionary. A college education, for example, in some professions, you really need the college education to do what you do. There’s sophistication engineering calculations that require engineering education. Although the day may come where a creative person making use of artificial intelligence can do good engineering, up to a point anyway. Frankly, I like to be able to check computer calculations myself. But who knows ? But at least if we look at how things are now in the United States, there are professions, well, certainly, medical doctors, that require an advanced education. But there are numerous other professions, where you require the college degree as an admission ticket, but it is not actually necessary to do that profession.

[00:43:49.660] – Robert Zubrin

What the college education is functioning as is the poll text. It defines the difference between middle class and lower class. The officers come from the college-educated. The enlisted men come from the high school or less, and so forth. This is really not a good thing. You’re imposing a tax of four years, say, for a bachelor’s degree, of being out of the workforce, so you’re not earning money, and instead, you’re having to pay tuition. In general, you’re also deferring maturity. Since you’re postponing income earning years, you’re also postponing child rearing years and so forth. This is overall negative. It’s an enormous cost that’s being imposed on individuals and on society. Now, furthermore, and by the way, and even high school, involves taking people aged 14 through 18, and Isolating them, for the most part, from the workforce, freeing them of any adult responsibilities, and not just freeing them, but blocking them from adult responsibilities, and not just freeing them, but blocking them from adult responsibilities. It’s like a reservation for adolescents. I once heard a lecture by the famous psychiatrist, Bruno Bettelheim, in which he discussed the issue of why our teenagers today so crazy. He said, It is because you have people who are actually biologiquement designed to be adults at this point in their life, and they’re being told they to remain children.

[00:46:01.720] – Robert Zubrin

And so they act crazy. And bored.

[00:46:07.800] – John Knych

And they’re bored.

[00:46:09.120] – Robert Zubrin

They’re bored, and they’re being kept on a reservation. They say, OK, what mischief can we do while we’re stuck on this reservation ? So this is why I believe that youth on Mars will be given more adult responsibilities early. I mean, you might call it work study, where they only spend four hours a day in school and four hours helping around the greenhouse or the repair shop or something, or acting as interns on an engineering team. The person you cited with this new book about Becoming Martian, I haven’t read the book, but I saw a tweet that he did where he claimed that I was proposing child labor. I am not proposing child labor. I am proposing that work and productive activity, be work study, if you will, be made a part of education starting at an earlier

[00:47:45.000] – Robert Zubrin

J’ai juste read a tweet that he said.

[00:47:47.300] – John Knych

That’s surprising. I don’t remember you mentioning it in the book, accusing you of saying that it would be the work of life on Mars. But maybe I thought it was just a matter of detail. I haven’t read the book, I just read a tweet.


[00:48:25.010] – Robert Zubrin


I think it was… I knew most of what it was just from reading other Mars stuff. I think it’s really degraded to denaming. I think it’s really degraded to denaming. Microbes. Human beings can’t exist without microbes. Microbes do a substantial part of our digestive processes.

[00:48:35.980] – John Knych

But if we grow up in Mars habitats, and we don’t have that exposure to the microbes that we have on Earth, will we see more non-communicative diseases, meaning more asthma, more Crohn’s disease, because our bodies just don’t have that flow between microbes that we have on Earth ?

[00:49:02.160] – Robert Zubrin

I can’t answer that. I don’t have the medical knowledge, but I would say there would be a very substantial microbial biome on Mars, because it’s inside of us and we pass that on to the other person. You know, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case, that’s not the case. But in human history, adults, like people, cannot digest milk. Children can, but adults cannot. But Americans, who have been here for a couple of generations, can. Because they have picked up the microbe that Caucasians have that gives us the ability to digest milk. So they have this ability. There are many traits that humans have that are not in the DNA you received from your parents, but in the software. that you also got from your parents, but is readily replaceable, which includes the microbiome. Il y a very good book on this by a biologist named Edward Young, Y-O-N-G.

[00:50:27.530] – Robert Zubrin

I recommend it to your book club, by the way. It’s a great book. It’s called We Contain Multitudes. It’s about the role in animals between their own DNA, the hardware, and then this much more easily replaceable software, if you will, of the microbiome that is within them, and which you do get your start from your mother, but it can be replaced. He discusses various species of rodents. One lives in the désert, the other lives in the forest, and they’re actually the same in terms of their hardware, but their microbiome is different. And so one can eat a cactus, and the other can’t, but you could take one, and if you infect it with the microbes that the other one has, it becomes capable of eating a cactus.

[00:51:19.260] – John Knych

Very interesting. Yeah, the example that Scott uses, well, two things that I learned. The microbe environment in the International Space Station is very similar to the environment in a home. Meaning, they took swaps of both, and it’s very similar. But there are cases of astronauts having dormant virussez, waken in the international space station. And he also mentioned this study, which I never heard of, which was, looking at two villages in Russia et It’s very similar. But there have been cases of astronauts with dormant viruses, which have been reported internationally. He also mentioned this situation, which I had never heard of before, of two villages in Russia and Finland where people were… It’s the same, but the Russian village was much more rural. People were much more in the woods, while the Finnish village was more developed. And they saw that the Finnish population had much higher incidences of allergies, asthma, that type of thing. So there’s still a lot we don’t know. But I agree with you that our bodies, I’m sure if you move someone from the Finnish environment to the Russian environment, their bodies would adapt to the microbiome.

[00:52:31.920] – John Knych

Yes.

[00:52:32.840] – Robert Zubrin

We’re going to have to go soon. So if you got a final question you want to ask ?

[00:52:38.470] – John Knych

Yeah, two final questions, both of them short. I’ve been seeing, Robert, you’ve been posting images, on social media, of people wearing space shirts. My question is: what other Mars projects are you working on?

[00:52:59.000] – Robert Zubrin

La société Mars, qui est un entreprise que je dirige, a deux stations à Mars analogues, un en train de travailler autour de la Balloon ? La Mars Society, which is a nonprofit that I lead, runs two Mars analogue research stations, one in the Utah Desert, in which we actually have a French crew in right now, and the other one in the high Arctic, which we operate during the summer. And they do practice Mars missions there to try to learn what exploration, tactics, and technologies will be the most useful on Mars. So we’re doing that. Mars Society is doing a lot de things. We’re going to have our next international conference by the way, in the Los Angeles area in October. The exact place and dates to be announced fairly soon.

[00:53:38.020] – John Knych

Excellent. And then last question, this is a two-parter, and it’s personal. I’m trying to learn everything I can about Martian settlement and science. What’s a book that me and other people in the group should read, if we want to learn even more beyond your book ? And then, secondly, I asked you about nuclear engineering. I’ve been teaching myself nuclear engineering and learning about Crusty To go to the next level with that path, what should be studied, what book should be read ?

[00:54:07.980] – Robert Zubrin

Ok, well, I could give you two. First of all, on Mars, they should read The Case for Mars. Ok. And on Nukes, they should read my book, The Case for Nukes, which you can get on Amazon, on either paperback or Kindle.

[00:54:21.860] – John Knych

So I haven’t read The Case for Mars, but is it The New World on Mars ? I thought The New World on Mars was taking those concepts and expanding on them, or can they be read as two separate ?

[00:54:35.420] – Robert Zubrin

They can be read as two separate books. The Case for Mars was originally written in 96, and then it’s gone through several editions and updates, the most recent one in 2021. It is, How can we get humans to Mars in our time ? It’s a how book. The New World on Mars is, What can we create on Mars ? How do we get there and what can we make of it ? Those are the deux books. I think you’ll find the case for Mars very interesting. It’s actually my most successful book. Then on nuclear Encore, lThe case for Mars is very interesting. It’s my biggest book. And then, on power, the case for nights. I’ll show you. Okay.

[00:55:18.120] – John Knych

Also, in the case for nukes, you dig into the nuclear type of power that would be needed. Excellent. But within that book, do you have discussions on the nuclear power that would be used for powering Mars settlements ?

[00:55:33.760] – Robert Zubrin

Yes, I do. Although most of the book is about nuclear power for Earth. Ok.

[00:55:39.580] – John Knych

All right, wonderful. I really enjoy this conversation, Robert, and thank you for your time. I’ll share it with the group. I’ll send you a link of the video.

[00:55:51.240] – Robert Zubrin

Yeah, please do.

[00:55:52.340] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you pour all the work you’ve been doing, and best of luck in your research, and have a great day.

[00:55:59.470] – Robert Zubrin

All right. Thank you. Mars Tomorrow. Bye-bye.

Mary G. Thompson

[00:00:01.18] – John Knych

Hello everyone ! Thank you for being here today. We are talking with Mary G. Thompson and the book one level down and to begin Mary we like to ask the author about the origin of the idea. But I saw in the afterward that the origin for this book came in 2012 at a conference where you heard about the simulation theory. Can you talk with us about how it went from that idea to publication?

[00:00:31.21] – Mary G. Thompson

Yeah, I mean, I didn’t start writing anything about it at that time. I mean, I was writing the other stuff. So I mean I started writing that I can’t remember what I started by this is because this is so, but I was much later than that. But that you know that I went to this conference the North East conference and science and skepticism. I’m not sure. I don’t think this is still doing that they were doing it virtually during Covid. I don’t think that done it for the last years, but if they are doing it again. I highly recommend that you have to have talks about random and you know about science and skepticism. But there was a panel people were talking about this. The theory that if we ever create a genuine simulate the universe with all the information needed to create a real universe that that would be an indication that we are in the simulation, because then that would mean that there are more than real universe. But I mean it speculations you could nobody can prove that you are in the block.

[00:01:27.02] – Mary G. Thompson

If you write it you, you realize how I postulate how we might prove that we are in the simulation and you know that has none of this saw that has happened in the book is ever happened to me. So as far as I know you can’t prove it it, but I had it in the back of my mind for a long time and eventually that’s how things happen. They just kind of light and suddenly they turn into an idea years later.

[00:01:51.18] – John Knych

Excellent. Thank you. And also Mary this will be a round-table discussion. So will move to The brand and buy real quick before he has his question. There was a lot of he’s got it good for. There’s a lot of world. There’s a lot of southern world building for such a small novella like so that religion politique, but we could get into that later in you.

[00:02:20.14] – Brandon

Yes ! Yes ! Thank you. WE really appreciate you taking the time to talk to us. So I did I did enjoy this it pretty quickly. So it’s only at the level, of course, but that it was quickly past, and I had some really interesting ideas. So I guess my first question is since it is kind of what ? What would you like I mean ? How long does it take you to write this ? And could you just gonna gonna take us to your Writing process and all that.

[00:02:59.06] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean it started with it was gonna be a short story. It started with a short story that was gonna be about it was gonna be about a colony that went into a simulation and it was the story the short story was going to be about somebody who was outside and had to take care of it like everybody else want to be somebody had to be left behind that was my first idea for story, and then I wrote a longer piece, which was like about ten thousand words and I was called the technician and it was about Nicholas and it was from his perspective and he went into the simulation and math, and I said that the company is and I couldn’t I couldn’t it and so I decided to write the concept from L.A perspective and that turn it into a completely different. I mean the story is pretty similar all the others that he has a much happy ending than the other piece in the short piece, which has never been published he leaves without help in her, but you know that there was a good work for I feel like the blog or something is the more like hope and happiness.

[00:04:06.15] – Mary G. Thompson

You have to have this kind of like a little bit of a rule. Maybe not totally, but I feel that way. So yeah. I mean, I think the reason that I really learned from this is like to explore and try different things and think about which is the most compelling. You know I still loved Brian from the perspective and I thought about potentially really different thing from his perspective to but you. So I don’t think this is how long to write it’s kind of hard to say, because it went to somebody I mean I I I think I started it like I don’t even remember it may have been like twenty twenty one or something like that twenty And then you know I don’t know. I can’t I can’t tell you exactly how long but I can tell you. I went through a bunch of different hydration.

[00:05:03.06] – Brandon

So you’ve been working on it for several years before it would.

[00:05:07.13] – Mary G. Thompson

Not like full time right ? Yeah yeah. But you know what goes to my group. And then you know and then I was trying to sell the short story, and then I wrote it and I had people reading it and you know all of that stuff.

[00:05:22.02] – Brandon

Thank you.

[00:05:24.05] – John Knych

Thank you, Mary Jane, and if you don’t have a question of you can always pass, but and.

[00:05:33.05] – Jenn

Thanks for being here with us. I thought it was really interesting how you sort of just give these tantalizing hints and what else is going on in the colonies of how that he is keeping people online with the people who are. You talking about how you different from Nicholas perspectives. I wonder if if you could write a bonus chapter from someone else perspective would it still be Nicholas or would you someone in the quality of life round and what else is going on there ?

[00:06:06.24] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean, you know I expanded on the character within the calling from the story, so he. Wasn’t really in the the story version. So I mean, I think her situation is interesting cases like when I wrote from Nicholas perspectives. It was all about his moral dilemma of like the contract requires this and like all this problem what happens if you was to do this and so she has an interesting moral dilemma and that she knows that she helped, but she doesn’t help as much as she could write and that I love those kind of dilemma. So maybe I would write from her perspective, but.

[00:06:51.09] – Jenn

Thank you. That’s really interesting.

[00:06:55.11] – John Knych

And again. If you don’t know you can put it up to you.

[00:06:59.17] – Virginie

I have a little question. But I I hope my English is not too too bad to do so much. Thank you very much for being with us tonight. I wanted to know I’m ninety one of the book. You will care what the universe is like it only matter if you can explore it and I wanted to know what are your thoughts on space travel, especially and in particular, Uh. Mars colonisation. I would like to know your opinion about this if you are.

[00:07:38.18] – Mary G. Thompson

I think that it would be great if we could colonise mars, but like everything else that we should do. we should do it with intelligent and purposes, not just to do it. I I don’t know I mean, I know there’s a lot of debates about whether we should be going out personally and we should be just friends and better robots to do our exploration and I as a sci-fi writer and of course I want to see people go, but it’s not a replacement for nothing is gonna be a replacement for earth, right ? I always get frustrated when I see when I read stories where are like people go out and leave earth for like unbeatable plant because earth has been destroyed and I’m like what was God ? I don’t think it’s better than earth, right ? UM so I know I’ll be back, of course. Magically. There’s have plenty of whatever it. I don’t know. I guess I think we should do it. But I don’t think we should do it just do what I think we should be careful what you could I mean, I don’t think it’s that and reasonable to imagine everybody that goes there for a colonies like with Elon Musk dying with year, whatever it.

[00:08:59.03] – Mary G. Thompson

So I don’t know I used to think that I would go. But I don’t think I would go anywhere.

[00:09:08.14] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you for being here. I know if I said that before, but I would like to the Nicholas Carter and in the afterward you rock that you had this idea for the Nicholas prospective universe of a couple of men and their dogs who can’t leave on the planet and I red and afterwards, and I would have loved to have had that side plot in the story of my question is I agree with with Brandon that the past was really good and but at the there were so many things that I wonder if you wanted it to be a novel. It was it with your editors was there any conversation like you want it to do more, but they said no keeping the novellas.

[00:09:58.09] – Mary G. Thompson

Of the opposite. Well I originally like after I decided that I was gonna rewrite the story from Alice perspective. I thought this is gonna be a novel and so I wrote basically to have to where the end of the novella is and then I had kept going and then it just felt completely different because the turn of the book is completely different after she escaped. And so it was like almost it really was like a completely different, but it was about her like it was gonna be about her training to be a technician yourself in all this, so that happens to her outside right. And I was like this is not. This is no longer a story about somebody who is suffering from this depression and has to escape its now It’s just complete, it was just completely different and don’t feel it and so I wrote the ending made it and so that’s.

[00:10:49.20] – John Knych

What is your decision to go.

[00:10:52.06] – Mary G. Thompson

Yeah yeah. And I know like that some of the criticism. I’ve got in his people. Think it should be right and there is to be. There is the beat like this is the perfect link and should have been there is too many threads or whatever. And so I don’t know like I think it’s always. It’s just kind of her sometimes to decide what’s best like I feel like if I had done it as a novel the way I was thinking originally which would have been this would have been part one or two would have been life outside and I would have been what she came back. That’s what I was thinking and then it just it just don’t feel right and I feel like the reader would have been told from being in the world of L.A. To been confused about how everything have changed and so yeah, It was a decision that I made to do it that way.

[00:11:39.11] – John Knych

And so you still have part two and part trois. Just around right.

[00:11:43.17] – Mary G. Thompson

Now. I had started writing it and you know I just felt I I stop it that I thought this just doesn’t feel right and that’s what I went back in the end. So that it worked as a whole piece.

[00:11:56.11] – John Knych

Okay, Thank you if you have a question.

[00:12:02.10] – Brandon

Um yes, we know you can hints that at the world building beyond the story like there’s this I feel like there is this could be kind of a history of the. Things and other plants and there is some history with the world and so I wonder like the do. I know you said. You did this from a short story, but did you like some worldbuilding that you down ? But you had no intention to put in the story of just like an encyclopedia that you have to refer to his That’s it. That’s all you have come up with.

[00:12:43.18] – Mary G. Thompson

All I don’t. I definitely don’t do like a big world, bubble and like that I know some readers do that they do like a big a whole lot of world building before they right. I don’t really do that, but I mean, there is definitely stuff that I thought of that you know it’s not. Maybe you didn’t make it on the page, but not like a whole big giant other piece of world building. I don’t think thank you.

[00:13:15.05] – John Knych

Thank you back to gen.

[00:13:18.23] – Jenn

Yeah. I know I’d love to read more of L.A. Story. And he would you like to continue on with part two and three and maybe one day, we’ll see that in print or your kind of satisfied with that and that’s it or maybe return to this world like a different part of this world.

[00:13:42.11] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean, I would love to. But you know I sold out as one, but right. And so it’s not really that common are like useful to write this. It’s so as a series because then you don’t really have a publish or for it. So I definitely had to have thought of concept for school and I wasn’t really thinking about going back to that. That now, but it’s something that I’ve certainly thought about cause as they said I do have some of that return and there’s a lot in the world regarding the the world of the technicians and the company has been so yeah, I would like to know, but I don’t really see the path to it right now, because I don’t have the publisher for it. I mean, I have an even talked about it would be so it’s not like you know it. Just this is something that because it was so good as one book.

[00:14:36.03] – Jenn

Off. Okay. Thank you.

[00:14:40.22] – John Knych

Like you give back to Virginie.

[00:14:46.02] – Virginie

Yes, I had enough. It’s pretty related to my first question because on the page night of the book you. You know if people found out what was possible there would run the entire universe and I’m was wondering. Whether you were optimistic or pessimistic. About humanity future.

[00:15:10.22] – Mary G. Thompson

That in the context of that line. She’s talking about people. I’m taking things out of simulation that like make everything crazy and you know suddenly like you’re the river next door is popcorn or whatever you know. But but I’m optimistic. Yeah. I’m optimistic. I don’t think that we’re gonna. I don’t think there is gonna be the kind of a pop up that you are often sit and books for your end up like with people who have or whatever it CAN I mean things get bad and things get better it like I think that we’re gonna make it. But you know, unfortunately, people are still people so and I like to write like dark right and. But I think it’s kind of my way of getting out like baby. It’s my way of working to my. If you are getting out the stress of some real life events or whatever, but I. I actually I’m much more optimistic in reality than I am in my book. Human nature.

[00:16:13.19] – John Knych

Thank you so much and before Mary that you. You first have the side of the idea at the conference in two thousand twelve, and then I was a short story and I grew up at this time. Are you are there any books or movies or are about simulation that informed this world because I felt when I was at first attracted me to this book was I just like thinking about simulation and reading about Syfy that has to do with simulation, and I thought you did a good job of making it Believable and how the how the people living with in the simulation where there are where there are movie their books that you thought of creating the world.

[00:17:02.18] – Mary G. Thompson

I don’t think so I mean yeah, I don’t know I mean, I think that is sometimes it’s hard to tell like what you’re influence ? Are you don’t really know ? What’s in the back of your mind ? But there was not like a specific book or movie or anything.

[00:17:20.18] – John Knych

Because I would like to take like the whole idea of like the technician in the corporation like creating it and and even the sort of the ability of data to create and by have that much power like that was your own imagination, not like pulling from from specific places.

[00:17:40.16] – Mary G. Thompson

I’m not that I’m aware of. As I said like you. You know I read a lot of stuff like so who knows right ? Who knows what kind of influence me but. Yeah, I mean the regional idea for just it came from like trying to set up a moral dilemma for Nicholas. And what you know what he would find there that would be expected expected to just come and find. People basically just living their lives right like they plan to and so I just thought it was more. It’s just more interesting and emotional to think about the person that there and led to me thinking about him like somebody mentioned that one About how if you, if you can’t leave that it doesn’t matter it like you can create all the simulation that you want people in human can create any simulation they want if they have the many to do so but if you’re trapped inside and none of that matter and I think we all feel that way sometimes maybe I feel like we’re all trapped in our little simulation that we have much less control over, then we like to think.

[00:19:00.05] – Mary G. Thompson

You but it’s really hard to talk about influence because I usually I usually would not be able to tell you as far as like my fictional influence like I could tell you sometimes functional influence for a lot of stuff, but yeah. I don’t know it all just around my head and turn it up.

[00:19:18.11] – John Knych

I think it’s in the computer. That’s controlling all right.

[00:19:23.12] – Mary G. Thompson

Yeah. I mean who knows what It doesn’t matter from my perspective right. It doesn’t matter to us, whether where you are not in this week and somehow level up and get out of it and you know by the mortal which would be great.

[00:19:41.08] – John Knych

Thank you. If you have a question.

[00:19:46.03] – Brandon

With so you said, You didn’t really have any specific influences for this story, But can you talk about like your favourite authors like like you do have ? Peter ? What is here ? He said. That in the matrix ever did so I mean ? Do you like Peter ? What do you have other ?

[00:20:10.02] – Mary G. Thompson

I do like Peter what ? Yeah, I read the revolution and all the like that went along with that. Yeah. I mean, I like I like I like all of you know I right in children two and so I I And I really quit. I guess you know. It. And. I don’t know it’s hard to say whenever people ask be with my favourite books or authors. Are I just like free like I like and. I don’t know I don’t know I’m having trouble coming up with something. I’m sorry.

[00:20:50.20] – John Knych

That’s what he was actually talk with him before and how you have.

[00:20:56.03] – Mary G. Thompson

I don’t know him personally, but I get you know I got that blurb, but yeah, I mean that the freeze-frame evolution. I thought I was really interesting and so that’s the the series that are red and his, and you know I like that high concept, you know it even if if it’s sometimes a little bit confusing are difficult to understand. I would rather be that than than something that more simple just because it makes you think about stuff and say ? Yeah ! I mean a lot is like you know I read about the nonfiction. So I do read a fair amount of science fiction. Just kind of randomly a lot of like. I feel like a lot of what you read is pretty random, but.

[00:21:39.13] – Brandon

So that they don’t read science-fiction while there writing do you read Science-Fiction while you are reading.

[00:21:48.19] – Mary G. Thompson

I I I I won’t read a book that wasn’t the same topic like I wouldn’t read like if I was writing the book about the simulation, I wouldn’t go out and read other books about the simulation like you know, and you know what time I wrote the book of contemporary book about a girl who were two girls were kidnapped during the time was that there was a new story about some of the Cleveland clinic. My story came out and I was like well, I’m not gonna read about this story like I didn’t want any more information like once I start reading, you know so, but I don’t feel, I don’t feel like that matter the other science fiction because there is so many different concepts and stuff like it’s not going to really matter what I’ve been and that it was like the exact same topic. Yeah.

[00:22:33.12] – Brandon

Thank.

[00:22:37.04] – John Knych

You if you have a question.

[00:22:39.19] – Jenn

Hum hum. So do you ever feel protective of your caractère or if readers are particularly hard on them. Let me explain like I’m thinking about that. He does pretty monstrous things he’s the villain. But also he’s gone through this really unimaginable loss that kind of sparks. This is there is part of you that things like we should feel little bit bad for him or not.

[00:23:14.12] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean.

[00:23:14.22] – Jenn

You.

[00:23:15.16] – Mary G. Thompson

You feel I’m interested to know what you feel about that I mean, I think it’s always whenever somebody like in the real life to you. It’s like that. Maybe it’s not an excuse for your behavior. So I feel you gonna hate that you can take that if you want I have sympathy for him. Then you can I mean, he is probably not happy either right. But I don’t have that much sympathy for him. I guess.

[00:23:43.12] – John Knych

It is that why you start to jump into the way you choose to have the reveal of his the loss that the experience was at the end like that you are not have sympathy for him because as it I thought as the reader if I had known in the biggest in the beginning. He’s like the right this. This war of the faceless monster right. He’s just this antagonist. That’s like him. And you commented on in the in the question and the in the afterward. Did you have that decision ? The do you want to keep the reveal of his lost to the end, because you want to him to remain that. That the antagonist that he was.

[00:24:26.13] – Mary G. Thompson

I don’t really remember thinking about it earlier. I mean if I’m thinking about it now like because it’s all from this perspective. She doesn’t know that and I’m not sure it would make sense for her to know that earlier because Samantha was delighted when she was like I can’t even if there’s something like that so. I don’t. Yeah. I don’t think I really thought about putting earlier, but that’s interesting that you say that like I now I’m thinking about it. I don’t know if it would be better to have him be more sympathetic from the beginning. I don’t know, but I guess when I was thinking from her perspective. What information it would make sense for her to have at the beginning.

[00:25:15.04] – John Knych

T’inquiète. I jump the the circle and you have a question. Where do you want to pay as ? You can hear you can hear me now.

[00:25:28.15] – Virginie

I don’t have any questions. I’m.

[00:25:32.23] – John Knych

Okay, okay. So marry you ? I saw in your bio that you received the MFA in in in why writing correct like your meaning of your writing courir. You were writing for for children. How did you make this transition to writing a novel ? That’s for adults was it smooth did it was at first for kids. And then you know you changed what was that and also the two of you can expand and what what is it like to get it in and sort of children’s writing like what was that programs like.

[00:26:16.11] – Mary G. Thompson

You would just start with like the first, my first book that was published with which is the horrors for children about a boy was trying into this world like and when I started writing I didn’t that was before I was published. I didn’t know anything about the job. I thought I was really just the levels and I I learned about the rules and I learned that because of the age of the character in the town that it was right. So that’s how I got into it and my agent suggested what I was. I was gonna go to the program when I was applying to a bunch of programs and she said how does this program in writing for children at the new school and so I ended up going there and it was it was great. I mean one of the great things about that program is that it’s more commercially focussed than the traditional MFA. So like that the traditional MFA in fiction like it’s you know I mean, I don’t want those of us in the children program to think that they’re just like they are not on plot and being published right and so in this program, we had instructors who were published authors and who were who knew about the industry and they have good feedback and we all are interested in being published in children and so we give good feedback to each other and really busted all of our skills, and so it was a really good experience and so what people are thinking about doing ?

[00:27:43.17] – Mary G. Thompson

I would definitely just like a girl like they think there’s one size fits all where it is as I don’t know how good. It is like. It’s the one that when you’re doing something like people are focused on getting published as opposed to like. I don’t know some people who were doing the production of pictures program is kind of think that that’s like. I don’t know it’s like beneath them to worry about that or something like we all want to be published right. So when not all of it because I wish you were here is something. I don’t want to trash people who do it ? But I just thought it was really helpful to do that the children when there’s a couple other one to the people who have good experience with so yeah, I’m glad I did that one. And so there are more of the questions than that you want.

[00:28:34.05] – John Knych

And then the transition to one level down.

[00:28:37.22] – Mary G. Thompson

Decided to start reading some sort fiction inside and always been interested in doing sci-fi. And now I was always the Syfy reader has the kids and I was you now, I started out trying to write which turned out to the children’s bucks and I wrote children’s sci-fi and so I was always interested in in safety and so I started riding the short fiction which has developed into my longer function in adults, and you know I just I loved just reading different ways like there have different conventions in town and content and with cities, of course. There’s something you can do that you can’t do in children and vice-versa and so so different outlet.

[00:29:25.09] – John Knych

Thank you. If you have, I have a question.

[00:29:30.01] – Brandon

So if you are going to create a simulation. What would it look like what you ? What’s your ideal Simulated world ?

[00:29:40.21] – Mary G. Thompson

No. I’m not about this a little bit. I think you are one of the things I explore in the book and I think I talked about this. The afterward it’s like we like to think we’re creative and interesting, but like I said I did the same thing for breakfast every day and I do and it’s hard to imagine like how crazy do you want your life to be ? Especially because you’re in something. You’re gonna be in for ever right ? So do I want it to be my life, but just like glow up. Or do I want like a world with flying unicorn and chocolate ripper ? And you know who knows what I don’t know right ? Every robot is around the world handing out flowers. I don’t know what. I don’t know I was say it. If it was me. I would not create a world where there was still like physical pain the way that the calling you and I won’t let you down, but I feel like you get bored with anything if you’re there for ever, which was why you know you and the the the the people with their dogs that get sick of each other.

[00:30:42.15] – Mary G. Thompson

After a while and it’s like that was the idea that people in this world can just create. If they can pay for it, they can create the universe basically retire and instead of dying and you know it. I don’t know if you would get sick if your dog after two hundred years, but. I are your husband or your wife or whatever I feel like it’s hard to pick something that you would want to be in forever. So I guess if it was able to me, I would pick something that you could change, but I also feel like you need like we need challenge like we can’t just. Like if if you created a utopia, you would have it right, You would have having no challenges and nothing to work for our care about when you get up in the morning. Kind of like the last week. I’ve been stuck in my house. Cause of the snow white. Yeah like like I feel like we’re back in Covid times and I’ve had already and it’s only been so.

[00:31:50.01] – John Knych

I was gonna ask you to stuck as well in the us. Yeah.

[00:31:56.04] – Brandon

It’s now, but there’s a few days where you are.

[00:32:02.21] – Jenn

Now we still History of over here and yeah. The dogs are struggling the duck won’t come out of the house. It’s not above freezing. So I’m in Pennsylvania.

[00:32:17.02] – Mary G. Thompson

I’m so we don’t get that much. But it’s still not really possible to go out.

[00:32:29.13] – John Knych

All right back to change if you have a question.

[00:32:34.08] – Jenn

I’m gonna pass it all this time.

[00:32:37.02] – John Knych

Virginie. You’re good the I’m good.

[00:32:41.21] – Virginie

Thank you. John. Even it’s pretty late in Paris. It’s midnight now. So I’m.

[00:32:49.11] – Mary G. Thompson

Appreciate your dedication and coming in.

[00:32:52.20] – Virginie

My little sun is a little take my four years old sun. So it’s very excited to be with you tonight. So I want to. thank you again.

[00:33:04.14] – John Knych

For the simulation of. The this is similar to the children’s your background. I’m reading books also read that you were here for seven years five of which you were at the eyes of you being. You’re in for your writing at all of you pulled material from those experiences or.

[00:33:31.05] – Mary G. Thompson

You know a little bit like I mean one of the things that you do is where is the right the law and so I think it helped somewhat with that with him like reading clearly. I guess our cet argument. I guess in a way actually my next book has bit of contracts in it. So that’s the first time I’ve like like really used it so and so I guess I can say yeah. Now I have used it and I think you know and make my book. I’ve heard about the kidnapping. Amy Chelsea staci d and I thought about the legal aspects of this situation, you know that so informed what I wrote and in the other contemporary the world. I also thought about that I probably think about it every time I write something you know I thought about in this book. I thought about the contractual issues about you know how he’s they’re not supposed to highlight the contract. They’re not supposed to move people and they’re paid for it all those were legal issues. But yeah, I mean I kind of a kind of have had fun like definitely my next book is called precious children’s but clones and.

[00:34:55.14] – Mary G. Thompson

It’s coming in september first and it’s There’s a contract involving the production of the clones and the adoption, and so I had some fun with that, so it’s nothing. It’s over wasted that you learn and your life is the.

[00:35:17.01] – John Knych

Way back to Brendon if you have questions.

[00:35:22.22] – Brandon

About like the whole publishing process so like you. You write this you finished with you. Do you said it ? And then they are there in between like you can’t go through the whole process of getting published.

[00:35:40.15] – Mary G. Thompson

This one is a little bit different than normal, but the normal process I mean it’s not that before I guess the process is you write it if you have an agent. Yeah, you get to keep a step. If you don’t have an agent, then you have to carry agent and find somebody to represent it Usually who work on it with your agents. And then they send it to the publisher in this particular case. I have worked on it with like a lot of my friends. I had others you know other friends. Read it worked on it and so I didn’t work on it with my agent and she said it is up to date, but yeah. I mean usually you got to for me. My friends, my better readers are are really important. I think it’s really the most important step for me is having people from my friends in community that are willing to read and I read their work to and we give each other feedback, cause those other authors are really the people that know the joy of the best and can help you the most and my agent usually help to but this and it is a novel.

[00:36:47.09] – Mary G. Thompson

It’s like not, you know usually it’s not a big deal for agency. So I’m just like I can you and this after I have worked on it for all right Time before we send it.

[00:36:59.21] – Brandon

So does the publisher, send it back for any it or do they do They just take it as is where.

[00:37:07.01] – Mary G. Thompson

There is usually always. I think all my books are at least one round with the editor. This one was a little bit lighter than the usual. But I did it now usually there’s one round where they give you some of the next round. It’s like a little bit few things and then you go through the proofreading process. Copywriting content editing and copy editing, then proofreading. So it’s like yeah. That’s it. That’s long. It feels very long. But that’s the process.

[00:37:43.01] – Brandon

That you get the title for it.

[00:37:47.19] – Mary G. Thompson

This title came about like the original title was constrained element. That’s it. That’s the title. It’s the The publisher didn’t like that and so I had to come up with the new title, and I had it coming up with the different title than then when they were down and when we won’t go to the time to make the cover and I wasn’t super happy with it, but I wasn’t really what else to do when it came time to do the cover. The cover designer was coming up with the cover for that title, and so then we can’t have changed the title like close to like and publishing timeline. It was close to the last minute right before we had to have the cover down and this was one of the titles that I had brainstorming when I was brainstorming titles and I was like what I went down and everybody was like yes, that’s it and I’m very happy with it. In the end, it work out great, but I came down to the wire kind of to find the right title for it.

[00:38:39.18] – Brandon

I think I like it.

[00:38:44.18] – John Knych

And the cover looks good to eat that was was.

[00:38:47.21] – Mary G. Thompson

And that’s what I was super happy is like something about Having the different title made it better made it. You know I guess easier to come up with the great designs that she and up coming out with.

[00:38:58.23] – John Knych

Even the constrained element is good though I like I like that one as well.

[00:39:03.08] – Mary G. Thompson

I’m glad you like that one two, yeah. There was a place in the book where she they should be referred to them self. There’s something that it was that I was made in the book and I ended up changing it now it’s the title changed so. So what are there any more ?

[00:39:21.04] – John Knych

The jump in case. I don’t think you have any questions where there any other push back with the editor was a pretty smooth meaning things you wanted to add or or or take away. Was it was fairly smooth with the process with the editor for this or you.

[00:39:42.08] – Mary G. Thompson

I was pretty smooth. I didn’t I don’t remember the beginning with any of the comments that wasn’t like a lot. It wasn’t that much. That means that she had on this one. So yeah. I don’t remember when I usually don’t have any disagreement like usually when somebody be a book from you. It’s because they get it right. And so if they have comments usually they make the book better like I think it’s. I think it might be one time when I had somebody were I really disagree with their comments and I wondered why the person about the book in that case because you know usually the experience is like you, they like it because they get it whatever so yeah. It was a good experience.

[00:40:27.13] – John Knych

Thank you. The I know we talked before about you know how they were different sparks their different parts that might have been able to be expanded if you wanted to the one at first started reading it and I learned that I was stuck as a As a fifty fifty fifty years old and in the. Apartment me wonder like that I mean that you’re right to be in this little girl’s body for the years that you did you think of some of some expressing that torture with like more like more sins of just like her just being trapped. I guess like the. I ask ask it because I just thought the. That’s it right and and or did you feel so in the pool of the plate that like. OK, she’s got to be, she’s got to get out.

[00:41:37.01] – Mary G. Thompson

And I think this is there has to be a balance because people get depressed and tired of like somebody constantly being there has to be a balance between seeing, what’s wrong and seeing how they’re gonna get out of it. So yeah, there is certainly other things I could and put in there. But it, I didn’t think I was necessary this song, I was able to show what about it was and that she really need to get out of it.

[00:42:06.01] – John Knych

All we have one more one more question. And this is also a sort of career slash informed writing questions, but so you have got it and children’s writing and your love, but I’ve had that you’re also like a librarian now. Correct.

[00:42:23.09] – Mary G. Thompson

Yes. Yes.

[00:42:24.17] – John Knych

Does your work help your writing ? Do you learn things on the job that you applied or is it fairly partitioning that you have.

[00:42:33.15] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean I have and I don’t think that I’ve really used anything. I think that kind of tips into my work like when I am I used to work at the end of trust division. I thought I don’t work there any more but I used to. I wrote something which has not been published in which I made it was like near future and I made like jokes about company stuff and like I don’t think I would have done that if I had never worked with the business of this kind of tips and you’re into your mind. So yeah, It’s like I was like I know that you really wasted. But I don’t see that I don’t see that are particularly in my writing. It’s more like you know. It’s something I enjoy doing that leave me time to do my writing basically.

[00:43:21.16] – John Knych

Thanks. Thank you and you mentioned before that your next book is coming out in september about clothes. Are you really staying in the city ? Who’s that is that.

[00:43:34.24] – Mary G. Thompson

I mean You want to keep reading ? If you know I’m still trying. I’m still trying to write some young adult As well. But yeah. I mean, I have this book coming in september which I’m excited about I’m not just because I got to write contract for it. But I was going to something I’ve always wanted to do.

[00:43:58.17] – Brandon

So that was gonna be adult or is that I’m gonna be.

[00:44:02.17] – Mary G. Thompson

It all yeah. It’s also good to be september first. And yeah, and I’m working on full length. All right now that sci-fi and I’m trying to get it. It’s like super close to the point where I’m gonna send it to my friends to read. So I definitely keep plans to keep doing adult sci-fi. Because it’s fun and yeah.

[00:44:32.14] – Brandon

It is science-fiction. You’re your preferred, John. And you said you want some before you like sci-fi or what What’s your favorite ?

[00:44:42.04] – Mary G. Thompson

I think you know I can see my next book to be sci-fi. So it’s got the concept. But the town is more and I like both like. I’m not really fan of light Mystical type. I like things to be explained within the world. You know I don’t this doesn’t have to be real. But I think I’ve always wanted, I’ve always wanted and I don’t want it to just be like you know. WE don’t know what’s happening right ? So I always I like that kind of him. So I plan to keep reading some of that. And. Hum. Yeah. But I mean that I really like playing with the concept. I feel like and see if you get to you get the kind of things on and the way that you don’t get to and others right now, she’s trapped in the body of the five year old, and she is in the simulation and the whole world of simulation, and you know space travel and right and everything. And so you get to really packed full of ideas where if I’m reading the contemporary which I also enjoy.

[00:45:57.24] – Mary G. Thompson

But you are stuck with the real world, which makes it easier to write because you don’t have to make up the world. But then you also don’t get to make up the world. So there’s.

[00:46:10.23] – John Knych

More constrained elements.

[00:46:13.14] – Mary G. Thompson

Yes, we are. Currently are.

[00:46:19.20] – Brandon

Yeah yeah. I’m I’m a big hard reader. So I thought this book was really interesting. Because you can get around that hard sci-fi because if it’s in a simulated universe, you can do whatever you want.

[00:46:35.12] – Mary G. Thompson

You cope me. Oh yeah, I mean I enjoy like real hard sci-fi where there is real and stuff to it because I’m not that I don’t know. I don’t know that so so that makes it interesting to me. But for me as long as it makes sense within the world. And I mean if you’re making up for future technology. Is it easier than if I was trying to make up what is gonna happen tomorrow with. The space travel or whatever I’m not. I’m not, I’m not the person that is gonna write the space travel to use in five years, but because I feel like for that I would need to really know all of the right, and I don’t know and I don’t want to write something that it’s like totally out of my league. So my strength is like speculation and thinking about fun stuff and like the ideas and not so much the hard So I hope people who like the hard sci-fi kind of joy, but I guess.

[00:47:44.14] – John Knych

Great lakes Mary any other questions before we go.

[00:47:52.17] – Jenn

With one, we talked about the cover for this book. How much input do you have with the cover design ? Do you have any ideas or can you suggest change or is that just sort of presented to you ?

[00:48:09.07] – Mary G. Thompson

Well, well, thank you. I’ve been great about asking my opinion like for my precious children and they gave me several different mockup. So I picked the one that I like the best and to me. It was obvious. I was like Oh my gosh like this is the one right. And so with this one what they send me the cover with the previous title and I didn’t really like it and I was I don’t think this gets the turn right. And that’s what we start talking about the title everything so I appreciate that because not all publishers are willing to do that like sometimes they just give it to you and I’ve been really fortunate in that I’ve always gotten that I liked just given to me. But you know you see that are bad and you’re like. Oh my gosh, you did that the author and so so I feel very lucky that I’ve had the good experience and I’m the designer and it’s really good and yeah. So if you are, I don’t know where you guys readers as well no, I’m not.

[00:49:20.09] – Mary G. Thompson

Usually when I use and I talk to people like people are like readers. So that’s it. It’s kind of cool to talk to people that are actual readers like.

[00:49:31.10] – John Knych

We are The. Word for its only. Leaders that we just for readers have read and don’t write.

[00:49:47.17] – Mary G. Thompson

That was before I am so I don’t know if you can become a writer without reading. But I know some of my friends say that they don’t read that many books. So I don’t know.

[00:49:59.18] – John Knych

You know, but it is there is the quality lower like amongst the.

[00:50:05.00] – Mary G. Thompson

I don’t think so I mean we everybody red books where we were younger and then people like you know, which is kind of sad, but I feel I mean, I have to put fr and to making the time now it feels way more than I used to when I was younger. But I don’t know if it’s the same for you, but I feel like I have to really work to set the time and like I have my good reads goal every thing Tu peux me to make sure. I get those are all just feel like. I’m a bad reader or something I feel like it reflect on me. You as the reader to if I have already books, so I try hard to read.

[00:50:48.13] – John Knych

It that’s all I got anyone else if any questions.

[00:50:53.01] – Brandon

So you said you had it coming out September first can you reveal the title for that one or have your.

[00:51:00.14] – Mary G. Thompson

Children and we’re doing the cover all in like a which are two awesome when it’s easy and yeah, It’s about it’s about parents riches parents, It’s the near future, they and their children like for thousand times and farm out the the extra the other family and the future like people and children are they need children, But then when they can copy, they just take another body and copy the memory into the other body. So it’s about the mother who is morally justifying that she is doing this and then you have the perspective of the kid who are thinking something completely different than what you think they are thinking, which is one of the theme of the book that you might not know what your child was going on and your children mind, and it was really want to be able to write kids and teenagers from the perspective from the perspective of a novel, because there’s something that you have in the way, so I was able to kind of run with the the voice of the teenagers. Perspective in the adult book and I enjoy the writing the more you because she is she think she is a good person and he’s morally justified, but I hope that you’ll think that she is right for you.

[00:52:22.22] – Mary G. Thompson

Oh yeah. So I’m excited about that.

[00:52:28.18] – Brandon

And you all I’ll be on the lookout for that.

[00:52:34.22] – John Knych

It’s alright. Well, thank you very much Mary. You will share it will share this video with the group and I’ll share it with you, two and all time about children and appreciate you’re taking the time and and the best of luck and happy reading and writing.

[00:52:51.15] – Mary G. Thompson

Thank you, I really appreciate it. It was fun, I hope you. I don’t know I hope you get out of the snow of you that are dogs in and where Jack. Where are you ?

[00:53:02.20] – John Knych

I’m. I’m in Paris. So I’m not know now.

[00:53:06.20] – Mary G. Thompson

Just thought it also really cool that we have people from different areas where I didn’t know I didn’t realize that was going by people from Paris. That’s really cool.

[00:53:20.11] – John Knych

I think you have have a good. Have a good night. Bye bye.

[00:53:23.21] – Orateur 6

Bye bye.

The Rocket Science of SpaceX’s First 3 Failures and Incredible First Success

(5 minute read)

(Thank you to Eric Berger and his book, Liftoff, my principle source for this essay)

In this year of our technological overlords, 2026, SpaceX as a company is going public. It is estimated to be worth $800 billion. The achievements of SpaceX have single-handedly brought down the cost of sending objects into orbit by a factor of five. Let’s look at how this all happened, through their initial failures and first success:

Once upon an imploding star, in May of 2002, Elon Musk founded SpaceX. Five months later, in October of 2002, Elon Musk received $175.8 million from selling PayPal. Now he had a significant chunk of Monopoly money to design and build rockets.

After a failed trip to Russia to buy missiles (ICBMs), in which the Russians laughed in his face, spit on his shoes, and tried to rip him off (they originally wanted to charge $8 million/missile, but during negotiations suddenly raised the price to $21 million/missile), Musk and SpaceX spent the next three years developing the Falcon 1 rocket. He hired the best engineers possible. A typical query by a propulsion chief, during an interview, was making sure the candidate knew how gas behaved in the intense environment of a rocket engine. The Merlin engine development occurred entirely in-house. SpaceX funded its own remote launch site at Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshal Islands:

Failure 1: March 24th, 2006

Failure Time: ~33 seconds after takeoff

Cause: A small B-nut which had not been properly tightened on a kerosene fuel line. John Hollman (Launch operations) and Eddie Harris (structures engineer) had removed and reattached this B-nut to access an igniter valve that needed rewiring. This aluminum B-nut [cost: $5] on the fuel pump inlet pressure failed, not only due to improper tightening, but because of inter granular corrosion cracking; corrosion from sea salt spray on Omelet (the island) the night before. The B-nut ignited and triggered an engine fire. NBC News headline: SpaceX rocket failure traced to bad nut.

Back to the drawing board. One year passes…

Intermission: The ablative nozzle caused SpaceX hell.

It is made of something akin to fiberglass, the ablative fabric is a resin mixed with silicon fibers. The fate of SpaceX was hanging on these [ablative] chambers. $30,000 a pop, manufactured by another company, prevents nozzle from melting from super hot flames. They had to do “basic pressure test” after “basic pressure test,” $30k after $30k. With chamber after chamber, the ablative coating would bubble, then crack. Musk had an idea: perhaps if they applied epoxy to the chambers, the sticky, glue-like material would seep into the cracks, then cure, solving the problem. Musk stayed up all night, missing an Xmass party and ruining a $2k pair shoes, with workers applying epoxy to the engine chamber. Didn’t work. The exhausted engineers and technicians working all night with Musk still admired his “willingness to jump into the fray, and get his hands dirty by their sides.”

Failure #2: March 21, 2007

Failure Time: ~5 minutes after liftoff

Cause: Residual Thrust after Engine shutdown, caused state separation failure

The main engine shut down normally, but there was remaining thrust that pushed the first stage into the second stage of the rocket. The stages collided instead of separating. The vehicle lost control and was destroyed. Hans Koenigsmann, Vice President of Flight Reliability for SpaceX, acknowledged that he and everyone else had missed the threat of residual thrust.

The shutdown dynamics weren’t fully modeled. Basically, when you test a rocket engine on the ground, the ambient air pressure is 15 psi, so if the rocket chamber has a pressure of 10 psi due to residual thrust, you just don’t see it in the data.

In the vacuum of space, however, with rocket hardware so close, even a minuscule thrust is enough to force a catastrophic collision between stages.

One year, five months pass…

*Flight 3 was delayed, however, because of a crack in the engine skirt due to courier driver hitting a pot hole when delivering it between airports.*

Failure #3: August 3, 2008

Cause: The first stage re-contacted the second stage, again caused by excessive residual thrust, but worsened by timing and “software control logic.” The engineers just couldn’t test the problem adequately on the ground.

The engine thrust tail-off lasted longer than expected. Separation occurred too early. The First stage clipped the Second stage. The Second stage spun uncontrollably.

A single line of code had derailed the rocket.

Since only a single line of code had caused the failure, Musk pushed for the next attempt A.S.A.P.. This was their last chance; they only had the hardware left for one more rocket and six weeks to launch it. For Flight Four, all SpaceX had to do was add four seconds to the time between main engine cutoff and stage separation. However, there was a chance that there would’t be a Flight Four. In addition to the time crunch, Musk’s money was running out. Tesla was on the brink of collapse amid a global financial crisis. I broke my ankle falling through the roof of a school. Musk’s marriage was falling apart. In September of 2008, after eight years of marriage, with 4-year-old twins and 2-year-old triplets, Musk filed for divorce. He was vomiting at night from the stress, as his entire fortune from PayPal had been invested in these two companies ($100 million into SpaceX, $75 million into Tesla), which both teetered on the edge of bankruptcy.

Normally, the parts of a Falcon 1 would be shipped from the U.S. to the Marshall Islands by sea, wrapped up like this:

But this sea transport took 2-3 weeks. SpaceX didn’t have that time. A rocket, their last chance, was flown from the U.S. to the island in an Air Force plane (C-17). But the manual provided to SpaceX, concerning how the plane operated, was outdated, and the descent and depressurization rates for C-17 on the charter flight were significantly more aggressive than the figures provided in the manual.

As the C-17 lost altitude to land, the LOX tank of the rocket (liquid oxygen fuel tank, which only had a small opening, a one-quarter inch fuel line that went though a desiccant so that no moisture got into the rocket) suffocated, and the rocket imploded. The crew heard “loud, terrible popping noises.”

The last rocket of SpaceX was crumpling. The SpaceX engineers’ faces went white as ghosts. One engineer started crying. The structure of the rocket “caved in, one loud ping after another, as if some giant were slowly squeezing a beer can.” They rushed to the front of the craft.

The pilots had a decision to make. They had a $200 million aircraft with two dozen lives and an imploding rocket aboard. They were thinking it would be safer to just open the plane’s large rear door and jettison the unstable rocket into the ocean below. (They would have done this if the SpaceX engineers weren’t there.) But the SpaceX team said, “Increase altitude, climb back up. We’ll fix this.”

“By the way,” the pilot said, “we only have thirty minutes of fuel.” The SpaceX team had ten minutes before the aircraft would restart its descent. They had to solve this problem or SpaceX as a company was toast.

The SpaceX team in the C-17 went back to the rocket and started pulling all manner of knives out of their pockets, then began cutting into the white shrink wrap over the rocket.

They needed more tools. The C-17 “loadmaster” gave them a tool chest: it contained a flathead screwdriver and a single crescent wrench. This, at least, allowed the technicians to open a couple of small lines. But to adequately equalize the pressure inside the rocket with that of the cargo bay, somebody needed to open a large pressurization line leading into the liquid oxygen tank. This could only be accessed by climbing into the rocket’s interstage.

The rocket continued to implode, thousands of feet above the ocean. All hell was breaking loose. Zach Dunn stepped forward.

“I’ll go in.” He turned to his friend, Mike Sheehan. “If the rocket starts to blow, pull me out.” He held a wrench and crawled into the interstage. Darkness surrounded him as he moved slowly, deeper in, along the wall. Sheehan’s hands held on to Dunn’s ankles. As Dunn moved, sharp components lining the exterior structure scraped his back, and the tank continued to pop and ping.

Dunn reached the pressurization line and managed to use the wrench to twist it open. To his relief, he heard air whooshing into the rocket.

“Take me out!” Sheehan yanked Dunn back across the tangle of pressurization lines and valves, which ripped into Dunn’s body.

The rocket hissed as it repressurized. Before the engineers’ eyes, the metal stage began popping back into its cylindrical form. Did this mean the rocket was a lost cause? The aluminum skin had never been intended to flex like this, as a rocket should never be exposed to higher external pressure.

“We all thought we were done,” Chinnery said. “The tank had imploded. We were devastated.”

A few days later, a tiny camera attached to flexible tube, known as a borescope, was inserted through a sensor port into the first stage to assess the damage. About ten engineers crowded around a tiny screen as the probe snaked around inside the LOX tank. A baffle had been torn out of its bracket.

“That was the moment,” Dunn said, “when we knew for sure the rocket needed surgery and that we were screwed.”

Chinnery estimated it would take six weeks to take the first stage apart, inspect the damage, fix it, test it, and get back on track to launch. Chinnery presented the plan to Buzza. Buzza and Thompson shared it with Musk.

“Elon saw that and went off the frickin’ deep end,” Thompson said. Six weeks was too long. SpaceX didn’t have six weeks. Realistically, SpaceX did not even have a month before its funding ran out. Musk believed the rocket could be made functional.

There was no time for quality control or meticulous records. They did not have six weeks. They had one.

Back in Hawthorne, Texas, Thompson and Buzza grabbed all the hardware they might need (such as baffles, clips, and fasteners, and much more), then loaded Musk’s Dassault Falcon 900 jet down with supplies on Saturday. (Musk was busy at Tesla, sleeping on the factory floor, the Tesla Roadster production line was failing repeatedly, especially the transmission: he had pumped his last remaining $20 million liquid cash into the company, in order to pay suppliers for the next few weeks, but if Tesla didn’t receive $40 million from investors in October, the company would fail. If the Flight #4 didn’t work, confidence would fall, and investors were unlikely to give any more cash to Musk).

On Monday the Falcon 900 jet landed in Kwaj, but there was a skeleton airport crew that checked the flight in, and allowed Buzza and Thompson to check out, but told them that they couldn’t unload their plane until the next day. There was no time to wait. Buzza and Thompson drove down the road outside the airport, noticed an open gate near the jet, drove their truck through the gate and up to the plane, and unloaded the cargo themselves.

On the island there was a thrumming whirlwind of activity. An engineer’s emergency room flooded with structural-engineering patients with gunshot wounds. To support the one-thousand-pound engine, Ed Thomas had fashioned a makeshift platform from some wooden blocks. In the span of a single hour, they had stripped the rocket and put its engine on blocks.

Broken slosh baffles were replaced, welds inspected, lines straightened. Within less than a week, they buttoned the first stage back up.

“We knew full well that if anything failed, it was game over,” Thompson said. But in a week a small group of engineers and taken apart a rocket, then put it back together. That’s incredible and unprecedented. This process takes NASA months, without the pressure of a financial guillotine about to the chop off the head of the organization. Then again, this story reminds us: pressure in the brain, rather than a LOX tank, can be good.

After pressure tests, which went well, they bolted the second stage on to their first stage. Then the launch team rolled the entire rocket, the very last Falcon 1 hardware they had to use – out to the launchpad. By the last week of the month, they were as ready as they were ever going to be. It was all or nothing.

Flight #4: September 28th, 2008:

Success. Falcon 1 became the first privately developed liquid fuel rocket to reach Earth orbit. SpaceX was awarded a $1.6 billion Commercial Resupply Services contract with NASA. Thanks to…

(Delayed stage separation)

(Added settling thrusters)

(Improved shutdown modeling)

(Update flight software logic; i.e. they fixed that single line of code)

Peter F. Hamilton

(The follow transcript below was machine-generated, and we all know that A.I. can often be a dumbass, so please excuse the errors as I clean them up.)

[00:00:01.730] – John Knych

Hello everyone! Welcome to a book talk on Salvation with Peter F. Hamilton. Peter does not need an introduction. He is a celebrated British Scifi author who has had a long career publishing tons of books since 1987, I believe. And the books that we will be focusing on today is the Salvation Trilogy, which were published I believe in 2018, 2019, and 2021. My first question to you, Peter, is about the origin of this trilogy. How did you conceptualize it? Do remember how you started to write it? And what was your your origin idea?

[00:00:44.600] – Peter F. Hamilton

There was no one idea, there’s never one idea that sparks all of this. It’s all a combination of themes and ideas. I think probably the main one I’m thinking of now is: the trust people place in others these days and how misplaced that is a lot of the time…when you’re in this sort of post-truth era that we seem to be in… who do you turn to in times of crisis…those of the kind of things that are quite big throughout the book. Yes.

[00:01:20.770] – John Knych

Excellent. Moving on the Brandon.

[00:01:25.300] – Brandon M.

Thank you Peter for being here. 

[00:01:29.260] – Peter F. Hamilton

I can see my books in the background there.

[00:01:31.690] – Brandon M.

Yeah yeah.

[00:01:34.030] – John Knych

He’s got the best book case right now.

[00:01:37.150] – Brandon M.

So my question is, I really like the portal technology. You came up with and you creeted this economy around these portals. We use for terraforming. It’s waste disposal, transport, transportation in all kinds of that. That so I think so this whole The changing society around it. So can you tell us a little bit about how you came up with this portal, think and like the ways that like. How did you come up with how all the ways that it could affect society and all just kind of your world building process. I guess, that sort of thing,

[00:02:18.570] – Peter F. Hamilton

It is I mean, it’s a very on the whole whole thing that you have to have you have to have both sides and now remember this, you have to have both sides of the whole together to start with, and then you have to transport one, but it’s always an instantaneous movement between the two. So you don’t have faster than light travel, but you do when you when you’ve taken at home all out another. Way and you’re traveling at relativistic speed. It will take two years to get one of the portal there. But then you can just step through Instantanée. So it’s that kind of transport system. So what I do from there is just kind of look out how that will affect the economy ? I mean it’s not unique, I mean. Larry Niven and space University has a different version of it, but he and I love this story and them back in the seven days. And it is here again. I had really thought through the value and work and how it would affect people and when you when it is so cheap to go anywhere a lot of barriers in society, we will collapse which will become one way towards a monoculture, which I don’t think it’s a good thing from the point of view and all that kind of thing so transport costs are kind of what I’m not here, become minimal.

[00:03:55.870] – Peter F. Hamilton

You don’t take transport if you’ve got it if you need fresh water in the Sahara, which I think was one of the things they were doing it. From the antarctic you just wait and see and all the way through it. It’s easy, it’s cheap and easy and when you have that level of technology things can really start being done that you can’t consider today, it’s like dumping all out of ice in the middle of the Sahara or think it was the Australian Dazed and the book of stuff like that. And then it’s just that they transport. Introduced in salvation where I mean it gets up in the morning in Glasgow and walk to work which is in London. I think and it’s basically if you’ve ever seen the London tube map it’s not the map that has everything in the relative position to each other is the line of the line. The train goes down is just the line with the space one after the other. You don’t need to know where they are in the physical relation to each other. That’s just what you get on the tube.

[00:05:08.370] – Peter F. Hamilton

That’s the next time. You get off. So it’s exactly the same principle is that there was one section. They make me cut from the book, which which was in that very early periods, which I was trying to explain how everything is connected through networks, which are then connected to each other and I think I think it was the one that there is one of the lines. There is in the circle. So the station are out in the circle in real life, but because they are back to back to each other through the portal link. It’s just the straight line line. So if you stand into one. You can see the back of your head because the portal are connected in the circle, but there are only projects in the straight line at which the editor said. I think we’ve had enough details and it’s just gonna confuse people. So yeah, it’s stuff like that you can ship anything around for minimal costs. So you can finally all the dirty infrastructure machinery manufacturing of world or somewhere horrible that it isn’t gonna matter you can clean up the world with by dumping incredibly toxic crafts that we’ve produced with the last two hundred years, just get rid of it once and for all all of which will will shape and change the economy, so it all in every step of the idea.

[00:06:35.390] – Peter F. Hamilton

I had like what will we do with waste with toxic dumps that we’ve got the day that we’re just bearing in the land or something we can just get rid of it and make the world a better Ecological and to leave in.

[00:06:52.330] – John Knych

Thank you.

[00:06:53.860] – Brandon M.

Thank you.

[00:06:55.390] – John Knych

You enjoyed the of what you did with the portal and the investigation of investigation of that graphic crime where they were like. That was satisfying. Use of the text and moving on to Noemie.

[00:07:14.440] – Noémie

Yes, I’m sorry. I didn’t remove my my sound. I’m going to ask you more general questions. If that’s okay with you. I have read all your books so far except for this. I haven’t actually read the last one. I’m so sorry, I was alive, but I found that the writing of the characters changed the low through the years and salvation stayed in my mind because it was very different and the way you would characters into the plot and into the story was very different. CAN you explain why the shift if there was a conscious one.

[00:07:49.120] – Peter F. Hamilton

Of my writing has progressed over the years. I’ve been doing this for years now. So I’m getting better at it. The the thing that made it is the first book of salvation was the structure of the story which for those of you that I haven’t read it. It’s the five people going on a journey to investigate and en alliant spacecraft and each of them tell the story on the way which I’ve seen before in Dan Simmons, Hypérion and I thought this is a fabulous way to introduce us to a new world science fiction team in everything like the portal system has to be explained and it does it without too much too much. I have enough dump kind of narrative. And I wanted to do that for years, but I knew very well that everyone would go. Oh yes, he’s just copd down and which is actually goes back to show. So it’s what I did on the Canterbury Tales. He had this pilgrims going in the age of the history and I was then when it was published two thousand fifteen or something.

[00:09:08.300] – Peter F. Hamilton

I was at the point in my my career where I did I really do not care If people just say I’m starting from Simmons and enough that were comment on it when it was published. But like I said I didn’t care because it is such a perfect way of introducing the science-fiction story. So that’s that’s why there was that big shift. I like to try and do something relatively new each time, which is what I’ve written in so many different universe if you like I mean, I have I think I think I want to. And I really right back from the start. I did not want to be the guy who is written by two books in one universe. I just I just couldn’t be myself and I wanted to explore other concepts and other ways of doing things, which is why different university of been created through it my career, so so of evolution and I wanted to do something new. I thought that was a great way of being the character in the world of science-fiction, and I stand by that it is other people are now friends to use it.

[00:10:15.640] – Peter F. Hamilton

So yes, that’s it, that’s how it happened.

[00:10:18.370] – Noémie

Okay. Thank you so much welcome.

[00:10:23.710] – John Knych

To Jenn and also for those who just arrived like that. If you don’t ask questions, you know how to ask you can just say so.

[00:10:32.650] – Jenn

I saw the feature in the book feels really familiar and reliable even know so much has changed. How do you go about keeping a world so recognizable and still transforming it completely.

[00:10:48.770] – Peter F. Hamilton

AM I trying to resonance, which is strange world to use, you know who has this amazing job easily rushing around and fire, but is still got relationships issues and is still worried about money and is still in need time off and all this kind of things which we do all related to is just his job is different, but everything that spin out from his job is the same and is recognized Bill today in all things are still going wrong. People are not doing what he wants to the politics doesn’t agree with him and half of it. We’ve got this, we’ve got this, so I try and build in the the every man and the every woman and to all I have to have somebody to have this kind of character, I help in most of the books because space opera used to be the big dramatique conflict between the good guy and the bad guys and was all very exciting and adventurous and more interested in in the little people underneath. I mean what the big conflict is is fabulous and when it’s over changed what changed the guy who wasn’t in the big battle scene and wasn’t on the front line there.

[00:12:10.180] – Peter F. Hamilton

How they supported have they not supported ? What’s going on All that has all that is essential to me and I think to put in the little guy story, and that is another way. I can get people to related to them by taking them as when they were when they were first introduced. Salvation we took a ride through this transport system, which gives you an idea of what can happen in this world, but it was, it was somebody going to work every morning because he’s got to because he needs money to pay the money in the bill and everything so yeah, It’s that combination of what we used to. In this exotic setting and I think blending. The two is such a good way of introducing the world as well.

[00:13:02.130] – Jenn

You and felt really natural your world building and like you said. It wasn’t that was just sort of the way. They’re telling your story and going about their lives. It was very natural. Thank you.

[00:13:14.730] – John Knych

Thank you. I saw Jane do the post that she is immediately ordered. The second one. Thank you just finished the first one who ordered the yes.

[00:13:24.240] – Jenn

But I don’t want you want to feel like. They can’t ask ask questions about the next, but I understand that there might be. Spoiler.

[00:13:31.350] – John Knych

Spoiler. If you want going to do it. Spoiler. Alright moving on tout tempsen.

[00:13:43.760] – Orateur 6

Cinq Over you this world but to me that it seems like that you really build them from scratch first and then you had things in. I just wanted how you build up the stories to build up the entire world to start with or do you think about the caractère or the problem or the plot will come together.

[00:14:07.610] – Peter F. Hamilton

I want to say yes, but it starts with as I said the idea of the trade, whatever I want to do so I’ve got the idea of the main problem that people whatever it is and which I think ok well, if it wasn’t what is a kind of invasion Story So what kind of technology and science and society, what we have that will stand a chance to fight against this. So it’s that kind of level. You gotta have that level of to be obvious in science fiction weapons that we have power have we have. WE have we struggling for energy all that kind of thing so that kind of the society will what kind of world will that it into and we are going to have slightly Startrek universe where every planet is habitable or are we gonna get a little bit more real you know and you can find a world that has the right condition, but we’re gonna have to therefore, it is changing and then do we have people Who do know you can’t do that we got to keep in worlds pristine for example, you know that will be a part of society.

[00:15:23.570] – Peter F. Hamilton

If we have to get out there and start turning the universe into the earth. So yeah, That’s all those Together and then when you work out the industrial level. Well, what kind of finance is available in that which leads to use the politician and what kind of functions ? I’ll be what works and what what the people want and they shouldn’t have. Social media developed and do something even more around us. All this kind of thing and you’ve got that world now. So who’s gonna leave it ? So I’ve just said I want my every man and every woman in it and what kind of job. They’re gonna do and they’re gonna be proud of this problem. And it just that’s when it starts literally coming together organically. So you come up with the world is all the people in it. You just have to pick the right one to tell the story through. And I make my choice of every man, you know in and it was. Very part of this big company. What was the company called the transport Company.

[00:16:31.010] – John Knych

Connect. Connexion.

[00:16:32.450] – Peter F. Hamilton

Connexion. Yes. So there is a lot of people that which helps explain it at which is another introduction to the kind of world. It is so it all come together like that it all come together very organic and then you start feeding them into the okay, You’ve got your good guy. The side kick. Maybe just be very crud about it and that so they are placed in the story and and then and only then do I start writing and of how I’m gonna tell the story. So the world building is very much first and that is built around what the issue ? What the problem or the plot is going to be then. Then you pick the caractère.

[00:17:15.230] – Orateur 6

Thank you.

[00:17:16.250] – Peter F. Hamilton

You are welcome.

[00:17:17.420] – John Knych

Thank you for that. Peter Alright. Moving on the team.

[00:17:21.440] – Orateur 7

And I’m good afternoon what I like about the book is the underpinnings of the science within and often. I thought of think of it is potentially a sign of actuality if humanity. Keep going. Rather than science-fiction. Are there any of go to contemporary journals of science ? Sources. You read regularly to give you some spark of ideas for developing that so the concept of futuristic thinking, but is potentially achievable by humanity.

[00:17:50.950] – Peter F. Hamilton

Yes and now I mean, there is some research in so many areas. It’s impossible to keep out the front of it if when I’m putting the world together, I need a specific technology or idea. I will try and read it. But it will only have to be at the pop science level. I mean the true is for me is you don’t learn about science from science fiction, but it is the application of the technology interests me most like like we’re dealing with the salvation. This instantaneous travel the effects that will have on us how we get around how we can do stranger things without thinking about it and want to think it is specifically years ago. Six years ago There was I help put together with the science fiction writers they are at Calum fusion research plants in oxfordshire. So we all went along trips too long to date and look around the fusion center and also the reaction engine, which are building and inbreeding. So we do kind of look at things like that and see how they can be applied and how they will grow.

[00:19:03.300] – Peter F. Hamilton

It’s not in the salvation books, but the the books before that’s the Commonwealth. I had what I called organic psychiatry tattoos. WE found was just basically a tattoo on your own your hand and that it came about very very simply because it’s this. This extrapolation that science-fiction of taking something like mobile phone, which we didn’t have when I was a kid have got small and small or more and more powerful following more law, but also tattoos which again were not around in my youth. They were the preserved cells, basically and that has exploded across society. So I just do not combined the two which seems perfectly logical to me at the time. So that’s how I’m kind of the angels. I look at this thing is. Where is it now ? What was it ? Where is it now and where can I push it to him and and then when it’s that good, how it is affecting society. So that’s the kind of process. I’ve got to do that the question.

[00:20:11.730] – Orateur 7

That was lovely. Thank you.

[00:20:16.800] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you, Peter Criss. You have a question or would you like to you.

[00:20:27.980] – Orateur 8

Will be very quick cause I am a work. I shouldn’t be doing this but. I’ve been snake. I just always find I’ve just finished salvation of red Exodus as well as well as the Commonwealth sargas and I just love where the character and the dynamics from so of the police side and the detective side comes from and and have noticed that you’ve got a bit of that in salvation. Obviously, it’s very heavy in the Commonwealth saga as well as this is there any of the place where that it comes from like that. I don’t know what to do you have family and like the police force or is it just like the just the detected in the newer kind of settings. I really enjoy it.

[00:21:12.110] – Peter F. Hamilton

Thank you very much. I always think that it again. Like this the story structure and salvation. This is On a trip together and telling their stories. Detective stories to my mind are a very very good way of introducing a science-fiction world. Because you’ve got to send your detective down and to those mean streets and have him searches around so there for he gets a good lift. Good look around the world is and that’s the way to tell the story. That’s the way to explain the world to the reader again. Avoiding the big dumps. You know it’s the same thing. I know I’m always getting accused of writing books in the far too big if I was doing a contemporary work. WE will get up in the morning get to the airport and fly to somewhere. That’s three sentences in salvation. How he gets up and how it gets to work for you, because you need to be told this but Because it is so it’s the same thing with the detective, He’s looking up and down on the streets what you can find.

[00:22:26.180] – Peter F. Hamilton

How does it get there was there for him to see ? How do I do this job in those circonstances ? So I just think it’s a great way of telling the story plus I really like thrillers and detective fiction as well. So good for me.

[00:22:44.060] – John Knych

And you cry two people in this talk, take two or are participating from work. So thank you for taking the risk.

[00:22:53.030] – Peter F. Hamilton

Of his work related to it will help you.

[00:22:58.310] – John Knych

So now, we’re back to the beginning. So my question. Peter Piggyback theme question which has to do with your technology. So the right you have a question to your right very naturally with the Rich world with everything from data splashing across tarsus lance the telomeres treatment to 3D printing Asteroid mining, nuclear fusion of all the technology of writing about which have you encountered in the real world ? Where you’ve been the most surprised at its progress meaning you know who said the team that you don’t sort of actively write with a lot of science, but just to being in the world. What technology has have struck you as like Wow, That’s it. That’s progress in a way that similar to my books that is surprising.

[00:23:52.480] – Peter F. Hamilton

And I’ve got to say that that time when we want to look around. And it’s just saying and they all the knowledge. It is always in the future. Well actually that allows us to see that it’s hopefully a lot more than that. I’m not talking next year, but it’s the progress. I’ve made is quite astonishing in the technology ? They have is quite astonishing. It’s not cheap. Well, well will get the commercial fusion in the next twenty years. I don’t know, but it’s it changed my view of it to understand that I believe that is gonna be the energy. So we’re gonna be using when when will runs out so yeah that I would say I mean well, we’re getting it also the more thing about computing. It is. It is it is in capacity and have in every month. It’s I don’t know what they are now that’s just going. There is gonna have to be limits that at some point when you get down to the wire that can only take one electrons at the time quantum quantum is there is going to be a plato and that we’ve come ridiculously forts in just the last ten Now we’re getting into the cubic computing and all that kind of thing, But I think we’re all I think we’re all most of the platform that I’d love to be wrong, but that also has come along to create profound degree and it’s coming out of the research lab.

[00:25:32.420] – Peter F. Hamilton

Now we will see in the application of any way. This is this thing about what is it gonna hamper creativity ? And I’m not sure that it goes. I don’t think you can hear and creativity plus there are a lot of benefit in the coming along with the use of various diseases and everything with which will be made easy by whether it will hit the silver bullet at some point. I don’t know but yes, that’s the kind of things I will keep an eye on it when I said I think I don’t need it if the story is featuring a specific technology, I will try and ride up on that so I don’t get to many of complaint projects where I think it’s going.

[00:26:21.760] – John Knych

Thank you all right back to Brandon.

[00:26:25.690] – Brandon M.

You will have to agree with some other side with the. I really like the detectives and science fiction. You’ve done, you’ve done with that. Thank you so my general space travel and you’ve had this amazing career writing space opera. So what do you think realistically And knowing that space travel is is incredibly hard to do. Do you think you will ever leave the solar system realistically.

[00:26:58.780] – Peter F. Hamilton

Not with any technology. It’s gonna come across gonna be developed in my life. Time I love Myself and all Reynolds and learn and stay in people like that are all of the same generation. WE grew up with Apollo Skylab and the space shuttle. And then nothing happened. I mean that there has been up there fifteen years even something like that and it’s done so the amazing science and we have learned a lot of engineering about it, but the actual moving and from what we had been talking about artemus, maybe in twenty-seven, but then I was I was when we first landed on the moon and the technology will be very very different from the engineering point of view, the the kind of space launch system. WE have now are far more sophisticated. They are becoming very risibles cheaper to get out there. It’s what you put up. There is is the looking at the moment. It’s still very expensive for human spaceflight. Now I’m gonna put this without getting criticism. I admire Musk attempt to get to think he is somewhat stating it from what we’ve learned from the SS and the kind of medical biological problems human encounter, just going into what it is is bad and that if you are going to miss.

[00:28:37.700] – Peter F. Hamilton

You be coming back, you’ll be have to be fucked up to dialysis because your kidneys will not that kind of time. There is also the radiation exposure. The problem is actually traveling outside the magnétosphère huge and so what we have learned a lot, but it’s not necessarily been good news. WE have to get around all those systems all those issues and problems To get to more and maybe I will see that in my life time actually traveling the wonderful place to go by Jupiter with this moon and see if there is life under those days and stuff like that would be what I think further than that. I’m not gonna see it. Maybe we will start, Maybe I will deliver us in a few years, who knows that would be one thing playing into another lovely, but I’m optimistic for the very long term. Note I think the right of progress for space travel has not not going to have, I was hoping when I was younger, but it that way.

[00:29:50.590] – Brandon M.

Thank you for that I asked. Robert Charles Wilson the same kind of his will send von Newman replicator or Space probes out of the solar system instead of people.

[00:30:06.870] – Peter F. Hamilton

Yeah, That’s a long way in the future when you gonna get stuff down to the molecular level when you can literally build cells that will be an enormous shift in in how it will affect society. I mean for the start of bullshit any kind of problem. If you can a sample of living, so so yeah, that that he’s probably right about that and you and you come out with the nation or any of the other wonderful science-fiction. You put your mind in the in the storage and grow yourself in your body when you get to the new planet. Of those kind of personality with looking at the use in several hundred years time. I don’t think I don’t think I’m gonna see it.

[00:30:57.030] – Brandon M.

Will.

[00:30:57.720] – Peter F. Hamilton

Be happy to prove wrong.

[00:31:02.020] – John Knych

Bien que Peter Brandon. I am optimistic about my hair and our life time. I think will will send you.

[00:31:08.200] – Peter F. Hamilton

I will see some of them on nose.

[00:31:11.410] – John Knych

And we’ll quick before we moved to Noemie. There’s a book that came out the us at two years ago by saying all the problems which you just lifted Peter about like radiation liver problems, but I was thinking when people left you up to go to the new world right. There was scurvy and both they don’t know what was there ? There was wilderness. There was problem but people still went right now, we have technology and and ways to do with it. So I think we’re.

[00:31:39.850] – Peter F. Hamilton

The european expansion. If that’s what we want to call it. I was only technology driven that we could build the ship good enough. There is also an economic reason behind it. I’m not sure. There’s no reason to go to it. It’s purely scientific which is where the funding problems in it ? It would be delightful to go there and research stuff. It’s gonna be very expensive even with risible. Super rocket.

[00:32:09.390] – John Knych

Yeah. I think we’re quick and I think that’s why SpaceX is going public and if anybody heard that but it.

[00:32:15.330] – Peter F. Hamilton

Is very well as well we all accounts.

[00:32:18.690] – John Knych

Billion and billions of dollars all right for that quick corruption all right and to and.

[00:32:25.740] – Noémie

Thank you. I’m watching you do a lot of research about the technology and the science. You want to use is there one or multiple, maybe that you have researched a lot and couldn’t wave into your story and some ways all that you really want to use at some point, but you have to go into it yet, maybe ?

[00:32:44.400] – Peter F. Hamilton

Yes ! It’s very very clever and his ideas of consciousness. I just just got it here somewhere I’ve been reading up and it cause I thought it would play into my. New stuff. Where is it completely lost in having said that sorry ? It’s a bit of the theory of consciousness and he has received it at the moment space time is something that holds consciousness. WE are little blob of consciousness in space time. His series is that it is consciousness that creates space time. So it’s what we have now and I can’t get my head is done the matter of heaven. And I just can’t get my head around that at the moment. I’m sure it will be very useful to me when I do. But at the moment I’m yeah. It’s kind of well out there, but it is genuine Angel of Research. So yeah.

[00:34:00.100] – Noémie

That’s interesting. Thank you so much. I have to look it up to you.

[00:34:05.140] – Peter F. Hamilton

I should know his name. I’ve been doing a lot of proofreading. So my mind is his blank on that kind of thing and I’ll try and remember before the end of the end of the podcast.

[00:34:21.160] – John Knych

Back to Jenn

[00:34:24.640] – Jenn

I have questions about the character in Salvation was there was there one that you had the most fun reading or that you, they were your favourite. Maybe when you were reading the book.

[00:34:39.490] – Peter F. Hamilton

It was. I think the the kids in the future that have been brought up to it. I think the name Layla you and. I think they are my two of every man and every woman for that I’m in that she’s not she’s not a hero in the get out and have a big punch up to save the universe trip. She is doing but she’s the need for it. I’m very very conflicted and is actually completely in love with the friends. And I guess you that was there kind of my favourite there. I think in that that series rather than the ones. WE were following a lot in salvation itself. WE do follow them more in the second and third books and and what she does so in the big way to help resolve the whole crisis by going against the grain. I mean that is that is a classic. I do you like it is the rebel with a cause so yeah. She was she was fun to write. She was interesting to write I put it through hell and a lot of ways, but she she would be my standard I think.

[00:36:03.440] – Jenn

Tanks. I’m looking forward to the next few books. Okay.

[00:36:08.540] – John Knych

Thank you. Thank you, Peter. I would not have just that I would I would have just one of the one of the five interesting all right and two of.

[00:36:20.270] – Orateur 6

The kind of similar to previous questions about why you draw inspiration from with the science. How do you develop this ADN lifeform or the ecology of plant life ? If it’s so different from what we know in real life is there anything that has inspired it one that really stood out to me was this and from Right ? Just so weird but where there’s no direct or obvious kind of parallel in our world or what we’ve seen before. So how do you come up with this.

[00:37:02.740] – Peter F. Hamilton

Thing that I mean ? I grew up in the seventh where we had star trek, which was man in very good rubber masks with the bad guy, but but they were not necessarily even alien itself as you understand what the xenomorphes are about it ? They just killing machine so I wanted something that was so big and so powerful you can’t fight it. But what is it doing what it does and deliberately didn’t ensure that in the book. It’s just there and it was that it can also came out of one of the threads. I was building People who are on the opposite side you politically or radiological is why can’t they just say the things my way ? Why they are wrong all the time. What do we have to do to make them understand and where is because they think exactly the same thing about you and there is this and it’s getting worse, Obviously, you are having at the moment, but there is that I don’t know why I don’t understand why why why and that was what the answer is obviously doing something which is very important to them and whether it’s whether it’s a kind of colonization or their version of terraforming.

[00:38:25.530] – Peter F. Hamilton

WE don’t know, but they see us Why Why are they doing it ? And there is no thought you never can get somebody on the experiment and politics from you to change the mind. You can come to compromise, but to do that you’ve got to understand them. And they just don’t so I thought that is the real thing that is the absolute otherness. Which I mean what are we going to see when we get out there ? It’s not gonna be all wonderfull. Things and we get fusion power and they get all of medicine or something like that. That’s it. That’s it now, that’s not real. So when we get out there. It’s going to be something that you can’t talk to you can’t understand can’t. Can’t go around. That’s what I absolutely loved about this. And I’m really really proud of them.

[00:39:24.830] – Orateur 6

Is there amazing ?

[00:39:26.360] – Peter F. Hamilton

Thank you.

[00:39:28.160] – Orateur 6

Thank you.

[00:39:31.160] – John Knych

Thank you. Moving to team.

[00:39:34.580] – Orateur 7

At the British author to enjoy. I’m incorporating weaving in British location within your books and purposes living in the room and being a fan of the detector side of the great North road is one of my favourite books of years, I’ve been able to relate in the UK to the location of the road is very rewarding rather than all by the best in different countries, and this is where I mean.

[00:40:01.630] – Peter F. Hamilton

I was born and grew up in living in rutland for a very long time I think and rutland for those of you didn’t know is the smallest country in the UK. I have run out of rutland place names. I’ve just have used them all around my family comes from new Castle. So I was up there lost in the city and the seven days. And I did go up there and so to walk with those mean streets that the detective would just to get the correct geography in my head and to understand that. It starts with the body being dump into the time and I’ve I have I walked along the time to find out the best place to drop the body and into the time, and it is next to the time of this as I said and which I loved the art and that so yeah, I know that it was very much deliberate very much that those of the real streets if you encounter a street name, there is there it exists, which is nice to do with you in science fiction is something that you can go, and it is not that anybody will be you can do the great North of Newcastle if you wanted to and it is something again.

[00:41:16.600] – Peter F. Hamilton

It is this basing stuff on realities and extrapolation. I used to live in a very very old house. It was built in sixteen where was at work and developed into the real right and then it had me in it right in science fiction and I think well the building is still the same, but the use of change so much that that’s son extrapolation. Again you learn to extrapolation. And if you need that grounding, which is what the great white was new castle in what is it about time ? So yeah, I’m getting it right was very important to me.

[00:41:58.130] – Orateur 7

And great thank you. So how is changing in the last thirty years ? I’ve been around here and then looking that be further is nice again for yourself as the reader extrapolations to work past yourself.

[00:42:09.650] – Peter F. Hamilton

Yeah yeah.

[00:42:14.330] – John Knych

Thank you. Moving back to cry. If you can escape work or secretly.

[00:42:23.060] – Orateur 8

You can secretly escape escape are just thinking of you mentioned. The the kid in the future and everything and I keep to get in the name of the day Bâtiment. But it kind of reminds me of what you write in us. With regard to the celestial because that kind of so of evolved further from humanity. And I just like si do you sometimes take certaines troupes ou in your books of the idea of love as you go from the book is like the wormholes for me because I want the Commonwealth saga and kind of how I love it. Let’s go back into it. Which is why I like the salvation, But it so is that something that you Do you so of take the concept of all. This is this is really enjoy writing about this. This is really interesting. CAN I so of expand that somewhere else kind of thing you. I have to.

[00:43:33.460] – Peter F. Hamilton

Try and do something new every few I think the Commonwealth is some of fully explored. Now what if I come up with an idea that will be in the Commonwealth and all right it again. I think you’re talking about the omnia in salvation. That’s what it could be. A way.

[00:43:58.890] – John Knych

Is.

[00:44:02.820] – Peter F. Hamilton

The day where we came about as part of the big time for the salvation. Was this what you put your trust in people the world were very good. Very liberal idea of how we get equality and the day cycle through male and female cycles. I think the banks did very well in the culture as well to the degree and so you know When you start with the quality when you get rid of the inequality between sex and gender to start with him, but then they became very very prevalence and which points it seems to be a liberal idea and became doctrine and you can’t get out of doctrine without being a rebel and then you get found on by the authority and all that basically, it was an example of the road to hell being with good intentions is because it was that is what became limiting to the survival of the human survivor from earth, and is that they they all went off and their various directions. They will develop new plan to build build the weapons and go and fight the bad guys, but they are doing it because that’s what they supposed to do that was what the doctor said and and that is why they were doing so badly.

[00:45:29.780] – Peter F. Hamilton

So yeah, That’s how that kind of idea filters in there is what I wanted something. This is great. This is gonna have so many problems, but then it has its own self created the problem of something is is so far so good. It never seen the lost in the original state for me and it does become intolerant people become people who are the morphological. They are the more intolerant, they become and because they so this is us is the future, the way forward. Then they stuck to it for two rigorously and I’m going, but there is something that that I don’t.

[00:46:17.890] – John Knych

Think you cry. So this will be the number people have to be my last question. So well, I’ll go around the go around the Horn. One more time Des so pills is not the first of years that are red and something that struck me is that you ? Thank you so much you so much in right there. And you mentioned a couple of times and this took the different inspiration like the Hyperion, Chaucer, Hyperion. But also the the culture of the omnia is being similar to the culture. But you can take a little bit further with the analysis of them, the question is and with the other authors. This do you read ? Are you ? Do you keep up to date on contemporary sci-fi ? WE won’t have Alastair Reynolds for one of these talks and he said that in the eight early days. It is possible to read like all the literature. But now Syfy has expanded so much that it’s difficult to keep up and the general, but do you have you over the years to try and there is some authors that you go back to that you continue to read or have you sort of night raid contemporary ?

[00:47:41.030] – John Knych

What would do you ? I guess we are. What are you sure ? You are ?

[00:47:45.140] – Peter F. Hamilton

You are now it’s on the road. Don’t tell him. I haven’t found it all that is part of the problem as I know people like Alistair and Paul and Steve and Adrian Trajkovski and all this are you. So I’m really keen to see what they are doing. But that kind of you are always. I was well red and till the point I started writing with your time shrinks like that and then I had kids and I make it more of this year. To read more than the kick in the problem of I Influenced by. I’ve been there are other ideas and I would have done that. I don’t want them to work. So I do try and keep up. Against this. What the scene is I mean ? I don’t know how many science-fiction writers there are in the world. There’s clearly a lot because like you say that this is so wonderful. These days, there is every night. You can think of and I like it. I meet up with with my friends and convention, but we don’t sit down and flow.

[00:49:03.310] – Peter F. Hamilton

Where’s the direction of science fiction going ? It is everybody writing what they want to which is lovely and so I don’t I don’t see this. It’s going in that specific directions. It’s it’s so multiple these days that we’re going in every direction and I have done other stuff and I could be at the point of which I can do what I want to would in my career, I can I can publish or other stuff as well, but I do like in the space opera and the times and I’m now doing another completely different universe for myself and so I do try to read. It is not as much as I’d like to read and I you and it doesn’t need to people. I know all that I get sent obviously get a lot of books to create and so I read a few chapter one and maybe I don’t go as much as I should do with those books, but it’s all read all as much as is practical.

[00:50:16.560] – John Knych

I would be back to Brandon.

[00:50:20.610] – Brandon M.

Alister is right all of your books.

[00:50:23.820] – Peter F. Hamilton

He has and.

[00:50:29.970] – Brandon M.

It should be an easy one a star Trek or Doctor Who. What do you prefer to ?

[00:50:42.570] – Peter F. Hamilton

Probably. Star Trek. Doctor Who. Doctor. Who is John Pertwee. And that’s how I grew up with him. And it is and I always was intended for all by diplomatic a younger audience. Time of life. I don’t really fit into it. I don’t think I know a lot of people who still love it my age. But I’m a kind of and I have seen the new doctor who I haven’t put time of side to see the new doctor The same in search of what I’m just starting to watch the strange new worlds and I haven’t seen all I mean, I was I kind of water when you did I think that I didn’t see much and which I because I didn’t have the time. So I’m in my final answer is Star Trek awesome.

[00:51:45.600] – Brandon M.

Thank you.

[00:51:48.450] – John Knych

I want to know. For her last question.

[00:51:52.920] – Noémie

Do you have a book or a plot our character, you would have written differently now than when you first did it is there is there something, you would have changed and you would like to change if you could maybe.

[00:52:06.900] – Peter F. Hamilton

I’m gonna give you that is pretty much all of them and we had this. I think this was about the question. I don’t think my writing has changed and the one thing I haven’t done very much of my old stuff. I’ve had no name but the little snippets. I have read some of it is how you worry about. I’m not going to be that good again. And then you switch to the next beat, which is God. Why did I write that ? So I think if I had an infinite amount of time, I would rewrite them all and they will be there to be different. But it’s always I think there’s something that I used to write which are two crude. I think for now another stuff. I’m really pleased with so I stand by it all. But if I was wondering if I started back at the morning star rising now, I think I will be quite a different book. I was still have the same flow. But I think it will be. I think you will be quite different.

[00:53:06.320] – Peter F. Hamilton

I’m currently writing something which I’m determined to make it a good news for everyone and I seem to be doing a lot more time than used to doing the revision every day cutting is really ruthless with cutting at whole paragraph and lines and trying to make it a little bit of each paragraph a little bit more precise and so I think that all comes out different again to the lost books. So whether people see this as progress. I don’t know, but yeah, I would I would rewrite a lot. Yeah yeah.

[00:53:43.960] – Noémie

That makes sense. Thank you so much. I have to go for work. But I just want to take a quick moment to see you. Thank you so much for giving us the opportunity to talk to you and to ask questions. It’s always very precious those moments and I hope that we will have you again someday and thank you for all the time. You take to write your beautiful stories. It’s it’s the best gift. You can give you a lot of people like us. So thank you so much and thank you for inviting us again. Thank you have a lovely day.

[00:54:13.810] – John Knych

Have a good day. Excellent en tout, J’en.

[00:54:21.930] – Jenn

Passe. To the next person.

[00:54:24.900] – John Knych

And to time.

[00:54:28.920] – Orateur 6

Out of all of the worlds and caractères that you’ve written what would be the crossover that you would like to see.

[00:54:37.980] – Peter F. Hamilton

Hmm between my universe. Hum hum. Oh, that’s it be on the spot. Hum. I think I think I think I would be like to see. How how would get on in the fall and dragons world from the Commonwealth ? WE get done in the fall and dragons world. I think that would be a very interesting crossover. It can’t be done. But putting here there are there. I don’t do multiverse of the multiverse of putting her there would would be interesting.

[00:55:27.200] – Orateur 6

Thank you. Welcome and thank you for all of our questions.

[00:55:31.790] – Peter F. Hamilton

Thank you.

[00:55:35.390] – John Knych

Great moving to team.

[00:55:39.170] – Orateur 7

Well known for your sweeping and that you have to stop the time. There are there printed ? What’s your Outlook on something like that ? This is the one of the great North road. You see that as you know. It’s gonna be a single book is that we have a break in the time to take a breeder or or you are you always fearful ? You start off with a single book, but you think you might be tempted to go to the second to a third one that wasn’t the initial intention.

[00:56:05.960] – Peter F. Hamilton

I wish I had that planning skills to help you see the thing is salvation is salvation, salvation and signs of which is one story. It is split in two three days, some days and cliffhanger there, but it is one story time with the night down, which is about. It. It’s one book technically. So it is just the question of Where do you split ? Those kind of stories. This song is just physically. Where do you want it ? But I do you like that when I’m writing in the name. It is a stand-alone and the one after that is probably gonna be a stand-alone. Whether it’s me realizing. I’m running out of time and I need to get these things and it is a huge commitment to do trilogy. Now that those kind of thousands pages books and I’m going back to I’ve learned a little bit more about writing to become a little bit more precise. So I can’t see possibly I can see some Dewalt is coming. I can’t think I’ve ever been going back to the kind of night stone and void trilogy again.

[00:57:28.200] – Peter F. Hamilton

I think that help me to it, but I think that kind of stuff.

[00:57:35.040] – Orateur 7

Thank you.

[00:57:36.060] – Peter F. Hamilton

Welcome.

[00:57:40.110] – John Knych

Back to cry.

[00:57:43.500] – Orateur 8

Hello. Yes, sorry about the last question. I think we just did just did it all and on a more fun one of your characters that you have created and with or without you have created the law who would be one that you would like to go on like, you know on a lunch with or go out for a drink me personally. I would be from a Because I think he’s l’arriou, but who would be like the one. You could go on like for a mail or for for a drink. Who would it be.

[00:58:21.890] – Peter F. Hamilton

Since you.

[00:58:23.690] – Orateur 8

Are really ?

[00:58:26.960] – Peter F. Hamilton

Why would you think ? Yeah Absolutely.

[00:58:30.680] – Chris

No no no no.

[00:58:34.760] – Peter F. Hamilton

Osez ! Osez ! I would like. To be scary.

[00:58:43.220] – Chris

Yes. Yes. Perfect. Again. I’ll just what everyone else is said. Thank you very much for your time and for for you know the the story that you have written and how they are and I’m really looking forward to the second part of the saga. I think that comes out later on this year and will not the next year Thank you very much. I.

[00:59:15.280] – John Knych

Think. Thank everyone for your great questions and thank you for being here. I really enjoyed this discussion. So the last thing we always do Peter and we were right on the do our time. Oh yeah. What do you working on now you are working on the standalone. If you want to share more about south of what the next project is and then also I shoot out if there is a living author who or other than in house of Suns, but someone who is living who you respected and read and what we could.

[00:59:50.320] – Peter F. Hamilton

Do it from one cinq. 101 This one is going to be interesting. I think it’s coming out of this is the proof of it is called the infinite state and there is it is fairly space opera and. Yes ! Yeah yeah It’s good. I like it a lot the society of fighting against is quite horrific. But it’s a good battle to be had and some interesting stuff in their as well. Yeah yeah that will be my my one of my recommended day every month. But that they have could be with that when you’re wonderful.

[01:00:43.560] – John Knych

Thank you, Peter. This has been, it’s been a great talk. So this is recorded. I’ll send you an email with the link to the the video and have a great day. And thank you everyone for coming. Enjoy the conversation.

[01:00:56.580] – Peter F. Hamilton

Thank you.

[01:00:58.290] – Tim

Thank you. Thank you.

[01:01:00.390] – Orateur 7

Thank you.